《毕出21套》解析：语法第4套

语法第 4 套

As the honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed, staying where it is inserted, this results in the act of stinging causing the bee to sustain a fatal injury.

(A) As the honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed, staying where it is inserted, this results in the act of stinging causing

(B) As the heavily barbed stinger of the honeybee stays where it is inserted, with the result that the act of stinging causes

(C) The honeybee’s stinger, heavily barbed and staying where it is inserted, results in the fact that the act of stinging causes

(D) The heavily barbed stinger of the honeybee stays where it is inserted, and results in the act of stinging causing

(E) The honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed and stays where it is inserted, with the result that the act of stinging causes

解析：

A． this指代单数名词stinger，此时主句的主干为：stinger results in the act. 意为“针导致了一个行为”，语意不通。

B．整句话没有主句。属于语法错误。

C．整句话抽主干：stinger（主） results in（谓） the fact（）（宾）. 意为“针导致了一个事实”，语意不通。

D．主干为“针导致一个行为”，错误同A。

E．正确。with the result是介词短语修饰主句的谓语动词，意为“针有重刺且会待在刺进去的地方”这件事有一个结果。

Even though more money was removed out of stock funds in July as in any month since October 1987, sales of fund shares in July were not as low as an industry trade group had previously estimated.

(A) as in any month since October 1987, sales of fund shares in July were not as low as

(B) as had been in any other month since October 1987, sales of fund shares in July were not as low as what

(D) than in any month since October 1987, sales of fund shares in July were not as low as

(E) than in any other month since October 1987, sales of fund shares in July were not as low as what

解析：

A．表比较的表达中，more和than搭配；as和as搭配。此选项用more和as搭配，错误。

B． more和as搭配错误同A。

C． than身后的句子为“there was （money）in any other month since October 1987”，主干意为“这里有钱”。此选项将“钱被移除”和“这里有钱”这两件事比较，语意有误。

D．比较的对象应该是“七月”和“除开七月的其他月份”，如果用“any month”表示包括七月的所有月份。比较有误

E．正确。any other month表示除开七月的其他月份。

Between 1990 and 2000 the global economy grew more than it did during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture to 1950.

(A) Between 1990 and 2000 the global economy grew more than it did during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture

(B) Between 1990 and 2000 the growth of the global economy was more than that during 10,000 years, from when agriculture began

(C) The growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000 exceeds that which had been for 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture

(D) The growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000 exceeds what it has been for 10,000 years, from when agriculture began

(E) The growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000 exceeded what it did for the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture

解析：

A．正确。此选项主干为：the global economy（主） grew（谓），意为“经济增长”。

B．此选项主干为：the growth （主）was（谓） more（补），意为“增长是更多的”。单看句子主干是没问题的，但请注意，句子前面有一个状语“Between 1990 and 2000”。这个状语在A中，修饰的是“grew（增长）”这个动词，而在B中修饰的是“was（是）”这个没有实际意义的系动词。逻辑上，在这十年间发生的只能是“增长”这个有实际意义的动作。所以此选项有语意错误。

C． that指代growth，身后是which引导的定语从句，将先行词代入：the growth had been for 10,000 years（增长是为了10000年的）。语意有误。

D． what可以看作something that，此时exceeds身后等于“something that it has been for 10,000 years”，something做定语从句中的补语，it指代economy。将先行词代入：it has been something for 10,000 years（经济是某个东西），然后1990年到2000年的经济增长超过了这个东西。但增长只能超过增长，我们并不知道这里的something指什么。所以语意有误。

E． what用法错误同D。

A New York City ordinance of 1897 regulated the use of bicycles, mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required of cyclists to keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and it granted pedestrians right-of-way.

(A) regulated the use of bicycles, mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required of cyclists to keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and it granted

(B) regulated the use of bicycles, mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required cyclists to keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, granting

(C) regulating the use of bicycles mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required cyclists that they keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and it granted

(D) regulating the use of bicycles, mandating a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, requiring of cyclists that they keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and granted

(E) regulating the use of bicycles mandated a maximum speed of eight miles an hour, required cyclists to keep feet on pedals and hands on handlebars at all times, and granted

解析：

A．三者以及三者以上的东西并列，要求倒数第一和倒数第二之间有and连接。如A, B, and C；A, B,C, and D。此选项中，regulated，mandated和required三者并列，但缺少连词。虽然之后出现了and，但and身后出现的是完整句，只能和前面的完整句并列，而不是和前面三个谓语动词并列。

B． regulated，mandated和required三者并列，但缺少连词，错误同A。

C． mandated和required并列，但缺少连词连接，语法有误。

required身后加了双宾语，“cyclists”和“that引导的宾语从句”，但require并不是可以加双宾的谓语动词。

D． require加双宾，错误同C。

and身后的granted往前找没有合理的并列对象，语法有误。

E．正确。requiring是修饰ordinance的定语，意为“规范自行车使用的法律”，身后是三个并列的动词：mandate，require，和grant。描述了此法律规范的三个方面。

Studying the fruit fly, a household nuisance but a time-honored experimental subject, has enabled the secrets of how embryos develop to begin to be unraveled by scientists.

(A) Studying the fruit fly, a household nuisance but a time-honored experimental subject, has enabled the secrets of how embryos develop to begin to be unraveled by scientists.

(B) By the study of the fruit fly, a household nuisance and also a time-honored experimental subject, it was possible for the secrets of how embryos develop to begin to be unraveled by scientists.

(C) By studying a household nuisance but a time-honored experimental subject, the fruit fly enabled scientists to begin to unravel the secrets of how embryos develop.

(D) By studying the fruit fly, a household nuisance and also a time-honored experimental subject, the secrets of how embryos develop are beginning to be unraveled by scientists.

(E) The study of the fruit fly, a household nuisance but a time-honored experimental subject, has enabled scientists to begin to unravel the secrets of how embryos develop.

解析：

A．抽主干：Studying the fruit fly（主） has enabled（谓） the secrets（宾） to begin to be unraveled by scientists（宾补）.意为“研究果蝇让秘密有能力被科学家揭示”。逻辑上，我们只能让“人”有能力做某事，我们是无法赋予“秘密”一种能力的，所以此选项语意有误。

B． “By the study of the fruit fly（通过研究）”是状语，修饰主句的“was possible”。主句中，it是形式主语，真正的主句是身后的不定式复合结构（for sb to do sth）。此时主句的字面意思为“秘密被揭示这件事是有可能的”。逻辑上，研究果蝇应该是直接导致秘密被揭示的主语，而不是修饰“是可能的”这件事的方式状语。

C．主句主干为：the fruit fly（主） enabled（谓） scientists（宾） to begin to unravel the secrets（宾补）.意为“果蝇让科学家有能力去揭示秘密”。逻辑上让科学家能揭示秘密的应该是“研究果蝇”这件事，而不是“果蝇”本身。

D． By the study of the fruit fly作状语，错误同B。

E．正确。

In planning dams, irrigation schemes, flood control methods, and hydroelectric power projects, an understanding is required of variations in the supply and flow of water in a particular place, and of the sediment the water carries.

(A) In planning dams, irrigation schemes, flood control methods, and hydroelectric power projects, an understanding is required of

(B) In the planning of dams, irrigation schemes, flood control methods, and hydroelectric power projects, it is required that one understand

(D) The planning of dams, irrigation schemes, flood control methods, and hydroelectric power projects require an understanding of

(E) Planning dams, irrigation schemes, flood control methods, and hydroelectric power projects requires understanding of

解析：

A．句首的in planning...作状语修饰is required，描述“被要求”这个动作的特点。但逻辑上，规划大坝、灌溉系统等等应该是require的主语，即这些事情主动要求我们理解水流供给的变化和沉淀物。

B． and身后的of the sediment在此选项中只能和of water并列，此时字面意思变为“理解水流供给的变化和沉淀物供给的变化”，但沉淀物是没有供给的，它应该和variations并列。

C． of the sediment和of water并列，错误同B。

D．主语的核心词是the planning，谓语是require，出现了主谓不一致的错误。

E．正确。“Planning dams, irrigation schemes, flood control methods, and hydroelectric power projects”是动名词做主语，其中dams, schemes, methods, and projects并列作plan的宾语。

The fact of some fraternal twins resembling each other greatly and others looking quite dissimilar highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely they vary considerably on a spectrum of genetic relatedness.

(A) The fact of some fraternal twins resembling each other greatly and others looking quite dissimilar highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely they vary considerably

(B) That some fraternal twins resemble each other greatly while others look quite dissimilar highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely that they vary considerably

(C) With some fraternal twins resembling each other greatly and others looking quite dissimilar, it highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely considerable variation

(D) With some fraternal twins resembling each other greatly and others looking quite dissimilar, it is a fact that highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely a considerable variation

(E) Because some fraternal twins resemble each other greatly and others look quite dissimilar, this fact highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely they vary considerably

解析：

A． namely为副词，不能连接两个完整的句子。换句话说，此选项中两个完整句，中间缺少连词。

B．正确。That引导主语从句，谓语为highlights，宾语为feature。

C． it需要指代一个单数名词，此选项中的it没有合理的指代对象。

D． “With some fraternal twins resembling each other greatly and others looking quite dissimilar”是独立主格修饰主句的谓语动词highlights，意为“有的双胞胎长得像有的长得不像”；主句使用了强调句句型“it is...that/who...”，划分成分时只需将这三个词划去：a fact highlights a feature. a fact指“有的双胞胎长得像有的长得不像”这样一个事实，但此时出现了语意错误。“有的双胞胎长得像有的长得不像”已经在前面做了状语修饰谓语，不可能又做主语发出谓语动作。简单来说，一个词/事情不能既做状语又做主语。

E． “有的双胞胎长得像有的长得不像” 既做状语又做主语，错误同D。

The first commercially successful drama to depict Black family life sympathetically and the first play by a Black woman to be produced on Broadway, it was Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun that won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award in 1959, and was later made into both a film and a musical.

(A) it was Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun that won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award in 1959, and was later made

(B) in 1959 A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry, won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award and was later made

(C) Lorraine Hansberry won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award for A Raisin in the Sun in 1959, and it was later made

(D) Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award in 1959 and was later made

(E) A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry, won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award in 1959, and later made it

解析：

A．和D相比，won和was made并列作谓语，中间加逗号不合适。所以说D会更好一些。

B． “by Lorraine Hansberry”是被逗号隔开的介词短语，做状语修饰won，但逻辑上它应该是“A Raisin in the Sun”这个作品的定语，意为“Lorraine Hansberry的作品”，而不是“通过Lorraine Hansberry赢得奖项”。

C．未划线部分的核心词为“drama and play”，是同位语，同位身后的主语。所以整句话的主语应该是“A Raisin in the Sun”这个作品，而不是Lorraine Hansberry这个人。

D．正确。

E． “by Lorraine Hansberry”作状语修饰won，错误同B。

Fossils of a whale that beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and was subsequently butchered by hominids have been recovered by paleontologists.

(A) that beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and was subsequently butchered by hominids have

(B) that beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and then was subsequently butchered by hominids has

(D) having been beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and subsequently butchered by hominids, have

(E) having beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and then subsequently were butchered by hominids have

解析：

A．正确。

B．主语是fossils，谓语用has，出现了主谓不一致的错误。

C．主谓不一致同B。

D．主语fossils和谓语have之间平白无故（除非是有插入语的情况）隔开了一个逗号，但主干成分间不可以直接隔逗号，属于语法错误。

E． and身后出现了谓语动词were butchered，但身前并没有谓语动词可以与之并列，属于语法错误。

10.

Most states impose limitations on the authority of the legislature to borrow money, with their objectives being to protect taxpayers and the credit of the state government.

(A) to borrow money, with their objectives being to protect

(B) to borrow money, the objectives of which are the protecting of

(D) for borrowing money, of which the objective is protecting

(E) for borrowing money, limitations with the intent of protecting

解析：

A． “with their objectives being to protect taxpayers and the credit of the state government”是独立主格（with+名词+doing）做状语，修饰impose。但逻辑上“保护纳税人和政府信用”是limitation的目的，和impose没关系。即，states要强加一个限制，这个限制意在如何如何。

B． “the objectives of which…”是limitations的定语从句，从句抽主干：the objectives（主） are（谓） the protecting（补），意为“目的是一个保护”。但我们并不能说目的的特点或者性质是一个保护（SVC结构中，C是补充说明S的特点的），所以此选项语意有误。

C．正确。limitations是同位语，intended是过去分词做定语。

D． of which引导定语从句修饰limitations，此时先行词在从句中做状语修饰protect，语意有误。

E． limitations身后是介词短语做定语，此时定语的核心仅仅是“with the intent（有一个意图）”，至于这是谁的意图，意图去干嘛，也没交代（注意，介词短语中，介词和名词中间不加所有格，这个名词就是没有逻辑主语的。比如，a man with a book，只是说一个拿着书的男人，至于这本书是谁的，没交代；如果想表明拿的是小明的书，需要写成a man with xiaoming’s book.）。

在C中，limitations后面是简化的定语从句，还原后是：limitations that are intended to protect taxpayers and the credit. 从句的核心是“are intended（谓） to protect taxpayers and the credit（宾补）”，明确交代了这个限制意在保护纳税人和信用。

11.

Possible long-term consequences of the "green house effect," the gradual warming of the Earth's climate, may include melting the polar ice caps and a rising sea level.

(A) may include melting the polar ice caps and a rising sea level

(B) may include the melting of polar ice caps and the rising sea level

(D) include melting the polar ice caps and sea levels that are rising

(E) include melting of the polar ice caps and a rise in sea level

解析：

A．主语是consequences（后果），谓语是include（包括），宾语是melting the polar ice caps（融化冰盖这件事）和sea level（海平面）。逻辑上，温室效应带来的后果应该是“融化”和“上升”，而不是“海平面”。我们不能说“温室效应的后果包括海平面”。

B．第二个宾语的核心词是sea level，“后果包括海平面”语意错误同A。

C．两个宾语的核心词分别是ice caps和sea level，“后果包括冰盖和海平面”语意错误同A。

D．第二个宾语的核心词是sea level，“后果包括海平面”语意错误同A。

E．正确。两个宾语的核心词分别是melting（融化）和rise（上升）。

12.

Appointed in 1996 to make recommendations concerning the salaries and employment conditions of India's government workers, the Pay Commission's suggestions were to cut the staff by thirty percent over ten years, ban overtime, a six-day work week in place of the current five-day work week, and reducing government holidays from seventeen days to three days.

(A) Commission’s suggestions were to cut the staff by thirty percent over ten years, ban overtime, a six-day work week in place of the current five-day

(B) Commission's suggestions were to cut the staff by thirty percent over ten years, ban overtime, replace the current five-day work week with a six-day

(C) Commission suggested that the staff be cut by thirty percent over ten years, that there be a ban on overtime, a six-day work week in place of the current five-day

(D) Commission suggested cutting the staff by thirty percent over ten years, banning overtime, replacing the current five-day work week with a six-day

(E) Commission suggested a staff cut of thirty percent over ten years, that overtime be banned, replacing the current five-day work week with a six-day

解析：

A． appointed in...是过去分词做伴随状语，其逻辑主语与主句主语一致，代入后：suggestions were appointed in 1996.（建议被指派）。逻辑上肯定不能是“建议”被指派，只能是commission（委员会）被指派。

B． suggestions做主语，错误同A。

C． and身后的reducing往前找没有合理的并列对象可以与之并列，属于语法错误。

D．正确。cutting，banning， replacing，和reducing四者并列。

E． cut无法和replacing以及reducing并列；中间的that从句也没有合适的成分，语法混乱。

13.

Though the artifacts of pre-Columbian civilization created a stir from the very first European contacts with the New World in the sixteenth century, it was not until the latter half of the nineteenth century that Western designers, artists, and crafters were inspired to imitate them.

(A) it was not until the latter half of the nineteenth century that Western designers, artists, and crafters were inspired to imitate them

(B) they did not inspire imitations of Western designers, artists, and crafters until it was the latter half of the nineteenth century

(C) not until the latter half of the nineteenth century was it that they have inspired Western designers, artists, and crafters to imitation

(D) until the latter half of the nineteenth century Western designers, artists, and crafters have not been inspired to imitate

(E) they were not inspirations of Western designers, artists, and crafters imitations until the latter half of the nineteenth century

解析：

A．正确。it is...that...是强调句型。

B． they指代artifacts。主句的主干为：they（artifacts） did not inspire imitations，意为“工艺品没有鼓励模仿”。逻辑上，工艺品只能是被模仿的对象，不能主动发出鼓励模仿这个动作。

C．工艺品主动发出inspire这个动作，错误同B。

D．主句的主干为：designers, artists, and crafters（主） have not been inspired（谓） to imitate（宾补），意为“这帮人没有被鼓励去模仿”，至于模仿的对象是谁，没有交待。鉴于前半句是although引导的状语从句“虽然工艺品引起了一个轰动”，那后半句需要写出被模仿的对象是工艺品，前后才能形成转折关系。

E．主句的主干为：they were not inspirations，意为“工艺品不是鼓励”，语意有误。

14.

Though Rene Lalique was perhaps not as well known as Alphonse Mucha and other high-profile art nouveau designers, between his compatriot mile Galle's art glass was raised to unaccustomed heights of delicacy and delicacy and beauty in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

(A) Though Rene Lalique was perhaps not as'well known as Alphonse Mucha and other high-profile art nouveau designers, between his and his compatriot Mile Galle’s

(B) Rene Lalique, though perhaps not as well known as Alphonse Mucha and other high-profile art nouveau designers, between he and his compatriot Mile Galie's work

(C) Though Rene Lalique was perhaps not as well known as Alphonse Mucha and other high-profile art nouveau designers, between the work of Lalique and that of his compatriot Mile Galle

(D) Rene Lalique, perhaps no as well known as Alphonse Mucha and. other high-profile art nouveau designers, but between the work of his compatriot Mile Galle and himself

(E) Rene Lalique was perhaps not as well known as Alphonse Mucha and other high-profile art nouveau designers, between the work of Lalique and his compatriot Mile Galle

解析：

A． “between his compatriot mile Galle's art glass”是介词短语，was raised是谓语。语法上，主语只能是名词性质的词或者句子承担，介词短语不可以做主语。此选项语法有误。

B． between he and his compatriot Mile Galie's work意为“一个人和另一个人的工作之间”，逻辑上只能是between一个人and另一个人，或者between 一个人的work and 另一个人的work。

C．正确。“between the work of Lalique and that of his compatriot Mile Galle”是状语，主句主语是art glass。

D． but身前只有一个主语，而身后是一个完整句，并列对象不对等。

E．两个完整句之间没有连词，属于语法错误。

15.

Despite the criticism in the early 1890's that if journalists use pictures the intellectual quality of publications would diminish, by the late 1890's photographs were found in most newspapers and magazines.

(A) that if journalists use pictures the intellectual quality of publications would diminish,

(B) that if journalists use pictures it will diminish the intellectual quality of publications,

(D) of the intellectual quality of publications being diminished by the use of pictures by journalists,

(E) of the use of pictures by journalists diminishing the intellectual quality of publications,

解析：

A． that引导的是criticism的同位语从句，解释说明criticism的内容。同位语从句里面，“if journalists use pictures”是条件状语从句，意为“如果记者使用照片”，修饰句子“the intellectual quality of publications would diminish”（质量会下降）。此时，“使用照片”是质量下降的条件，至于谁最终使得质量下降，没有交待。但结合后半句“photographs were found in most newspapers and magazines”（照片还是在大部分报纸杂志上被发现了），可以推断出一定是“使用照片”这件事使得质量下降，所以“使用照片”做diminish的主语更合理。

B． it没有合理的指代对象。

C．正确。整句话字面意思为“尽管有个批评（使用照片会使得刊物的质量下降），但照片还是在大部分报纸杂志上被发现了”。

D． of quality是criticism的定语，意为“质量的批评”，但质量是没办法拥有一个批评的。

E． of the use是criticism的定语，意为“使用的批评”，但使用是没办法拥有一个批评的。

16.

Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang like socks on a clothesline.

(A) saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang

(B) saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs were hanging

(D) seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging

(E) seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs have hung

解析：

Visitors（主） have seen（谓） monkeys（宾） sleeping on the branches（宾补）。

注：只有谓语动词是感官动词的时候，doing才有可能做宾补。

A． whose引导定语从句修饰monkeys，定语的定义为“修饰名词的特点”，但“arms and legs hang like socks on a clothesline（胳膊腿像袜子挂在晾衣架上一样）”是猴子睡觉的特点，如果做定语那就和sleep没有任何关系，只是猴子自己本身的特点。所以做状语修饰sleeping更合理。

B． whose做定语不合理，同A。

C． saw的时态和前面的have looked up不一致。

D．正确。“with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline”是独立主格，修饰离它最近的动作sleeping。

E． whose做定语不合理，同A。

17.

Over the past few years, banks have systematically raised their old fees and invented new ones that are harder and harder for consumers to avoid.

(A) banks have systematically raised their old fees and invented new ones that are harder and harder for consumers to avoid

(B) banks are systematically raising their old fees and inventing new ones that become harder and harder for consumers to avoid

(D) as banks systematically raised their old fees and invented new ones, avoiding them becomes harder and harder for consumers

(E) as banks have systematically raised their old fees and invented new ones, it is becoming harder and harder for consumers to avoid them

解析：

A．正确。

B．前面有时间状语“over the past few years”，主语用现在进行时“are raising”就不妥了。

C．抽主干：banks（主）make（谓） them（宾） harder and harder（宾补）。此时，harder and harder这个属性是银行施加给fees的（宾补的定义：主语通过谓语动词施加给宾语的新属性）；A中的harder and harder是fees的定语，即fees自己的特点。逻辑上，并不是银行让费用越来越难避免，只能是银行发明了一些费用，这些费用本身的特点是越来越难避免。

D． as引导原因状语从句，修饰becomes harder and harder的原因，但如C所讲，越来越难避免是这些费用自己的特点，与银行“发明”费用没有关系。

E． as引导原因状语从句，语意错误同D。

18.

Reptiles, by drawing their body heat directly from the Sun rather than burning calories to generate it, can survive on ten percent of the nourishment that a mammal of similar size would normally require.

(A) rather than burning calories to generate it

(B) rather than the generation of body heat by burning calories

(D) instead of by burning calories for generating it

(E) instead of body heat generated by burning calories

解析：

A．正确。rather than是连词，此选项中并列drawing和burning。

B． rather than将drawing和generation并列在一起，但逻辑上应该是drawing这个动作和burning这个动作并列。

C． and身后的from generating和from the Sun并列，语意有误。

D． instead of是介词，后面只能加名词，不能加介词by，此选项有语法错误。

E． body heat和drawing转折，语意有误。

19.

A recent survey showed that while many banks have service charges on interest-bearing and non-interest-bearing accounts with balances that are falling below a set minimum, some banks provide virtually free checking regardless of the account balance.

(A) with balances that are falling below

(B) whose balances fall below

(D) that have balances below that of

(E) that have balances that fall below those of

解析：

A． with balances是介词短语做定语修饰accounts，字面意思为“带着一个余额的账户”，但至于这个余额是谁的余额，没有交代。如果是whose引导的定语从句，先行词会做从句主语的定语，表示主语是这个先行词所拥有的。比如，a man with a book意为“带着一本书的男人”，至于这本书是谁的，不清楚，可以是小明的小李的也可能是他自己的；但 a man whose book is expensive意为“这个男人的书很贵”，书是属于这个男人的。这里用whose修饰accounts更合理，强调是这个账户里的余额下降了，而不是“带着一个余额的账户”。

B．正确。

C． that没有合理的指代对象。

D．定语从句的主干：accounts（主）have（谓） balances（宾），此时这个账户具备的特点就是“有余额”，但结合句意，账户所具备的特点应该是“balances fall below a set minimum（余额低于最小值）”。

E．定从强调的是“有余额”，语意错误同D。

20.

Antipoverty initiatives have had to contend with two decades of economic shifts that have depressed wages of workers with little or no technical skills.

(A) that have depressed wage of workers with little or no technical skills

(B) having depressed wages of workers with little or no technical skills

(D) in which the workers‘ wages with few or no technical skills have been depressed

(E) in that workers with few or no technical skills have wages that are depressed

解析：

A． little修饰不可数名词，鉴于skills是可数名词复数形式，所以需要用few修饰。

B． little修饰错误同A。

C．正确。

D． “with few or no technical skills”修饰wages错误，并不是“没有技术的工资”，而是“没有技术的工人”。

E． in that = because，是一个表原因的连词。其身后句子的主干为：workers（主） have（谓） wages（宾）”，意为“工人有工资”。此时整句话的字面意思为“反贫穷组织与经济变化斗争，因为工人有工资”。很明显，这个因果关系是不成立的。