《毕出21套》解析：语法第5套

语法第 5 套

1.

A different variety of giant tortoise can be found on every island in the Galapagos, each with its own style of oversized dome and comically scrawny neck.

(A) each with its own style of oversized dome and comically scrawny neck

(B) each with their own styles of oversized domes and comically scrawny necks

(C) each having their own style of oversized dome and comically scrawny neck

(D) all having their own styles of oversized domes and comically scrawny necks

(E) all with their own style of oversized dome and comically scrawny neck

解析：

A. 正确。

B. each是giant tortoise的同位语，身后是其定语。逻辑上，应该是每一个乌龟有“它自己的特点”，而不是每一个乌龟有“它们的特点”。后者的意思是每个乌龟身上有所有乌龟的特点。所以应该是each with its...而不是each with their...

C. each和their搭配，错误同B。

D. all做giant tortoise的同位语，此时字面意思为所有的乌龟有“它们”的特点，也就是每个乌龟的特点是一样的。但结合前半句“a different variety of giant tortoise（不同种类的乌龟）”可以推断，应该是每个乌龟各不相同、各有特点才对。所以应该是each with its...而不是all with their...

E. all with their错误同D。

2. 

The British sociologist and activist Barbara Wootton once noted as a humorous example of income maldistribution that the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo was earning annually exactly what she then earned as director of adult education for London.

(A) that the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo was earning

(B) that the elephant, giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo, had been earning

(C) that there was an elephant giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo, and it earned

(D) the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo and was earning

(E) the elephant giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo and that it earned 

解析：

A． 正确。Barbara Wootton （主）noted（谓） as a humorous example（宾补） that the elephant was earning what…（宾语从句）这句话出现了倒装。顺序的说法是BW note XX as XX.划线部分开始到结尾是整句话的宾语成分，由于过长，所以和宾补倒装了一下。

B． giving rides to children做伴随状语修饰earning。但逻辑上“给小孩子骑”是大象自己的特点，描述什么样的大象挣得和人一样多，而不是修饰earning这个动作的特点。所以此选项语意有误。

C． 宾语从句的主干：there was an elephant（这里有大象）。此时，BW认为“这里有大象”这件事是一个收入不公的例子，但逻辑上应该是“大象挣得和人一样多”这件事是一个收入不公的例子。所以此选项语意有误。

D． elephant是宾语的核心词，此时BW注意到“大象”是一个例子，但逻辑上应该是注意到“大象做了什么事”是一个例子。所以，应该用从句做宾语，而不是单单一个名词做宾语。

E． elephant做宾语，错误同D；and身后的that从句往前找没有合理的并列对象。

3.

In 1995 Richard Stallman, a well-known critic of the patent system, testified in Patent Office hearings that, to test the system, a colleague of his had managed to win a patent for one of Kirchhoff's laws, an observation about electric current first made in 1845 and now included in virtually every textbook of elementary physics.

(A) laws, an observation about electric current first made in 1845 and

(B) laws, which was an observation about electric current first made in 1845 and it is

(C) laws, namely, it was an observation about electric current first made in 1845 and

(D) laws, an observation about electric current first made in 1845, it is

(E) laws that was an observation about electric current, first made in 1845, and is

解析：

A． 正确。observation是Kirchhoff's laws的同位语；about electric current是介词短语做observation的定语；made in 1845 and now included in...是过去分词做observation的定语。

B． and身后出现了完整句“it is now included in...”，那它只能和前面的完整句“a colleague had managed to win a patent”并列。但逻辑上，同等级的事情才可以并列，所以“现在被写进教科书”应该是和“首次在1845年被发现”同作observation的特点并列，而不是和“同事赢得专利”这件事并列。

C． namely是副词，前后两句完整的句子之间没有连词连接，属于语法错误。

D． it is now included...和前面的完整句没有连词连接，属于语法错误。

E． and身后的 is now included和was an observation并列，但逻辑上应该和made这个动作并列。所以此选项语意有误。

4.

Part of the proposed increase in state education spending is due to higher enrollment, since the number of students in public schools have grown steadily since the mid-1980's and, at nearly 47 million, are at a record high.

(A) enrollment, since the number of students in public schools have grown steadily since the mid-1980's and, at nearly 47 million, are at

(B) enrollment, with a number of students in public schools growing steadily since the mid-1980's and, at nearly 47 million, reaching

(C) enrollment: since students in public schools have grown steadily in number since the mid-1980's and, at nearly 47 million, have reached

(D) enrollment: the number of students in public schools has grown steadily since the mid-1980's and, at nearly 47 million, has reached

(E) enrollment: students in public schools have grown steadily in number since the mid-1980's and, at nearly 47 million, are at 

解析：

A． since引导的从句中，主语为the number，谓语为have grown和are，出现了主谓不一致的错误。

B． with a number of students in public schools growing...是独立主格做状语。此状语从句中，主语为students，谓语为grow和reach，但逻辑上，并不是“学生”在增长和达到记录新高度，而是“数量”增长和达到记录新高度。（注：the number of XX意为“XX的数量”，其核心词是数量；a number of XX意为“许多XX”，其核心词是XX）。

C． since引导的从句中，主语为students，谓语为have grown和have reached，意为“学生增长和达到记录新高度”，错误同B。

D． 正确。

E． 主语为students，错误同B。

5. 

New data from United States Forest Service ecologists show that for every dollar spent on controlled small scale burning, forest thinning, and the training of fire management personnel, it saves seven dollars that would not be spent on having to extinguish big fires.

(A) that for every dollar spent on controlled small-scale burning, forest thinning, and the training of fire-management personnel, it saves seven dollars that would not be spent on having to extinguish

(B) that for every dollar spent on controlled small scale burning, forest thinning, and the training of fire-management personnel, seven dollars are saved that would have been spent on extinguishing

(C) that for every dollar spent on controlled small scale burning, forest thinning, and the training of fire-management personnel saves seven dollars on not having to extinguish

(D) for every dollar spent on controlled small-scale burning, forest thinning, and the training of fire management personnel, that it saves seven dollars on not having to extinguish

(E) for every dollar spent on controlled small-scale burning, forest thinning, and the training of fire management personnel, that seven dollars are saved that would not have been spent on extinguishing

解析：

A． it没有合理的指代对象。如果指代every dollar，那么every dollar即做主语又做状语，不符合逻辑；且此时主句提取主干是“dollar saves dollar（钱节约了钱）”，逻辑有误。

B． 正确。

C． that从句中没有主语，属于语法错误。（介词短语是不可以做主语的）

D． “for every dollar”被放在了that前面，说明它修饰主句里的谓语动词show，而不再做宾语从句里的成分。此时，选项的字面意思为“数据给每一美元展示了一件事”，语意有误。逻辑上，这个状语应该是修饰save的，所以应该放在宾语从句里。

E． “for every dollar”修饰show，错误同D。

6.

In the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, the United States acquired 828,000 square miles for about four cents an acre, which more than doubled the country's size and that brought its western border within reach of the Pacific Ocean.

(A) In the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, the United States acquired 828,000 square miles for about four cents an acre, which more than doubled the country's size and that brought

(B) For about four cents an acre the United States acquired, in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, 828,000 square miles, more than doubling the country's size and it brought

(C) With the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the United States acquired 828,000 square miles for about four cents an acre, more than doubling its size and bringing

(D) The United States, in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, for about four cents an acre, acquired 828,000 square miles, more than doubling the country's size, bringing

(E) Acquiring 828,000 square miles in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, the United States bought it for about four cents an acre, more than doubling the country's size and bringing 

解析：

A． which引导定语从句，修饰名词the United States自己的特点。但逻辑上，“把面积翻了倍”应该是“买了地”这件事的结果，即，因为买了一块儿地，才能把面积翻倍、领土扩张。所以做状语修饰acquire更合理。

B． and身后的it brought...是完整句，和前面的完整句the United States acquired 828,000 square miles并列。但“把领土扩张到太平洋”应该和double并列，一起做acquire这个动作的结果状语，一个描述总面积上的变化，一个描述方位上的变化。

C． 正确。

D． 在此选项中，bring不再和double并列，而是成了修饰double的状语从句。但逻辑上，这两个动作是并列关系，一个描述获得土地后总面积上的变化，一个描述方位上的变化。

E． Acquiring做伴随状语修饰主句的谓语动词bought，但acquire和bought均是“获得”的意思，此选项出现了赘余的问题。

7.

The effect of the earthquake that caused most of Port Royal to sink into the Caribbean was like the eruption that buried ancient Pompeii: in each case a slice of civilization was instantly frozen in time.

(A) The effect of the earthquake that caused most of Port Royal to sink into  the Caribbean was

(B) As the result of an earthquake, most of Port Royal sank into the Caribbean; the effect was

(C) In its effects, the sinking of most of Port Royal into the Caribbean was the result of an earthquake

(D) The earthquake that caused most of Port Royal to sink into the Caribbean was, in its effects,

(E) Most of Port Royal sank into the Caribbean because of an earthquake, the effect of which was

解析：

A． 句子抽主干：the effect was like the eruption（效果是像爆发的）。这个比较是不合理的，我们只能说“地震像爆发”，或者“（地震的）效果像（爆发的）效果”。

B． 分号后的“the effect was like the eruption”错误同A。

C． 句子主干：the sinking was the result（下沉是结果）。这句话本身没问题，但结合句首的状语，整句话的字面意思就是“在效果这方面，下沉是结果”。逻辑上，“在效果这方面，地震像爆发”更合理。即，in its effects应该修饰“was like the eruption”，而不是“was the result”。

D． 正确。

E． 修饰earthquake的定语从句的主干为：the effect was like the eruption。错误同A。

8.

In the mid-1920s the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company was the scene of an intensive series of experiments that would investigate changes in working conditions as to their effects on workers' performance.

(A) that would investigate changes in working conditions as to their effects on workers' performance

(B) investigating the effects that changes in working conditions would have on workers' performance

(C) for investigating what the effects on workers' performance are that changes in working conditions would cause

(D) that investigated changes in working conditions' effects on workers' performance

(E) to investigate what the effects changes in working conditions would have on workers' performance 

解析：

A． 定语从句的主干为：experiments would investigate changes。此选项中，被调查的对象是“改变”，但和B相比，逻辑上调查的是此改变带来的“effects（影响）”更合理。

B． 正确。

C． for investigating是介词短语做定语，但介词短语中的名词本身是没有逻辑主语的，所以此时我们不知道是谁在investigate，错误；B中是从句做定语，先行词experiments做investigate的主语，表明是这个实验在调查影响。

D． 被调查的是changes，错误同A。

E． what引导名词性从句，what = something that。替换后：investigate something that the effects （that）changes in working conditions would have on workers' performance。此时，something身后的定语从句中只有effects一个词，缺谓语，属于语法错误（effects之后的都是修饰effects的定语从句，由于effects其身后的定语从句中做have的宾语，所以省略了连词that）。

9.

Although the first pulsar, or rapidly spinning collapsed star, to be sighted was in the summer of 1967 by graduate student Jocelyn Bell, it had not been announced until February, 1968.

(A) Although the first pulsar, or rapidly spinning collapsed star, to be sighted was in the summer of 1967 by graduate student Jocelyn Bell, it had not been announced until February, 1968.

(B) Although not announced until February, 1968, in the summer of 1967 graduate student Jocelyn Bell observed the first pulsar, or rapidly spinning collapsed star, to be sighted.

(C) Although observed by graduate student Jocelyn Bell in the summer of 1967, the discovery of the first sighted pulsar, or rapidly spinning collapsed star, had not been announced before February, 1968.

(D) The first pulsar, or rapidly spinning collapsed star, to be sighted was observed in the summer of 1967 by graduate student Jocelyn Bell, but the discovery was not announced until February, 1968.

(E) The first sighted pulsar, or rapidly spinning collapsed star, was not announced until February, 1968, while it was observed in the summer of 1967 by graduate student Jocelyn Bell. 

解析：

A． although引导的状语从句抽主干：the pulsar（主） was（谓）in the summer（补）。意为“星星是在夏天的”。星星本身是不分四季的，我们只能说在夏天看到了星星，但不能说星星本身的特点是“在夏天”。所以此选项语意有误。

B． although not announced...是伴随状语，其逻辑主语和主句主语一致，代入：student was not announced。很明显，人不能被宣布，语意有误。

C． although observed...是伴随状语，其逻辑主语和主句主语一致，代入：the discovery was observed。我们只能说观察到一个星星，但不能说观察到一个“发现”。

D． 正确。but前后两句的主干分别为“the pulsar was observed（星星被观察到）”和“the discovery was not announced（发现没有被宣布）”，合理。

E． 主句主干：the pulsar was not announced（星星没有被宣布），语意有误。

10.

Since the 1930s aircraft manufacturers have tried to build airplanes with frictionless wings, shaped so smoothly and perfectly that the air passing over them would not become turbulent.

(A) wings, shaped so smoothly and perfectly

(B) wings, wings so smooth and so perfectly shaped

(C) wings that are shaped so smooth and perfect

(D) wings, shaped in such a smooth and perfect manner

(E) wings, wings having been shaped smoothly and perfectly so

解析：

A． smoothly做状语修饰shape，但动作本身没办法顺滑，只能是某个东西顺滑。所以，相比于“顺滑地塑形”，“顺滑的机翼”更合理。

B． 正确。wings是同位语，身后是省略了“that are”的定语从句，修饰wings的特点。

C． that身后的定语从句中，are shaped是谓语，smooth是宾补（因为在主动语态中，smooth做宾补：sb（主） shape（谓） wings（宾） so smooth（宾补）。）宾补的定义是：主语通过谓语动词施加给宾语的新属性。但我们只能说，比如，通过“打磨”这个动作让机翼顺滑，“塑形”这个动作是不能让机翼变顺滑的。所以，shaped smooth逻辑有误。

D． “in such a smooth and perfect manner”是shaped的状语，smooth修饰对象有误，同A。

E． smoothly修饰对象有误，同A。

11.

The direction in which the Earth and the other solid planets--Mercury, Venus, and Mars--spins were determined from collisions with giant celestial bodies in the early history of the Solar System.

(A) spins were determined from

(B) spins were determined because of

(C) spins was determined through

(D) spin was determined by

(E) spin was determined as a result of 

解析：

A． 主语是direction，谓语用were，出现主谓不一致的错误。

B． 主谓不一致错误同A。

C． in which引导的定语从句中，主语是the Earth and other planets，谓语用spins，出现了主谓不一致的错误。

D． 正确。by collisions是逻辑主语。还原成主动语态为：collisions determine the direction.

E． as a result of collisions是状语，修饰determined。但逻辑上，collisions是决定direction的动作发出者，应该做逻辑主语。所以，此选项有语意错误。

12.

A team of scientists has recently provided evidence of Earth being bombarded daily with as many as 40,000 small comets, vaporizing in the upper atmosphere to fall to Earth as rain.

(A) of Earth being bombarded daily with as many as 40,000 small comets, vaporizing in the upper atmosphere to

(B) of Earth's being daily bombarded with as many as 40,000 small comets, vaporizing in the upper atmosphere and that

(C) that as much or more than 40,000 small comets daily bombard Earth, vaporizing in the upper atmosphere, and

(D) that daily Earth is bombarded with as much or more than 40,000 small comets that vaporize in the upper atmosphere and that

(E) that Earth is bombarded daily with as many as 40,000 small comets that vaporize in the upper atmosphere and 

解析：

A． evidence身后是介词短语做定语，定语的核心是“of Earth”，此时选项的字面意思为“地球拥有的证据”，但地球是没办法“拥有”一个证据的。只能是evidence身后用同位语从句，解释说明evidence的内容是“地球做了什么事情”。

B． evidence身后是定语成分，语意有误同A。

C． comets是可数名词，不能用much修饰，应该用many。

D． much修饰不可数名词，错误同C。

E． 正确。

13.

Unlike many United States cities, where a river is no longer the focal point of urban life, the river in San Antonio winds through the middle of the business district, and the River Walk, or Paseo del Rio, is the city's most popular attraction.

(A) Unlike many United States cities, where a river is no longer the focal point of urban life, the river in San Antonio

(B) Unlike the river in many cities in the United States, which is no longer the focal point of urban life, in San Antonio the river

(C) Today the river in many cities in the United States is no longer the focal point of urban life, unlike San Antonio, where it

(D) In few United States cities today, a river is the focal point of urban life, but the river in San Antonio

(E) No longer do many cities in the United States have a river as the focal point of urban life, but in San Antonio the river

解析：

A． Unlike身后的名词需要和主句主语可比，但cities不能和river对比。

B． which引导的定语从句中，主干为：the river（主） is（谓） no longer the focal point（补）。此选项和E出现了明显的句型差异。主谓补中的补语是描述主语本身的特点；而主谓宾宾补中的宾补是主语通过谓语动词施加给宾语的新属性。那逻辑上，我们不能说river本身就是一个城中心，而是我们“人为”地把river当作城中心，所以“the focal point”是river的新属性，用SVOC句型更合理。

C． unlike身后的San Antonio和river对比，错误。

D． 主句用SVC结构，错误同B。

E． 正确。主句主干为：cities（主） do not have（谓） a river（宾） as the focal point（宾补）.

14.

Tom Bradley was mayor of Los Angeles from 1973 to 1993, an era when the city had transformed from a collection of suburban neighborhoods to the second-largest city in the United States.

(A) an era when the city had transformed

(B) an era during which the city was transformed

(C) an era that transformed it

(D) during which era the city transformed

(E) during which the city was transformed

解析：

A． city主动发出transform这个动作不合逻辑。应该是人把城市transform，所以使用主动语态有误。

B． 正确。an era是同位语，同位“from 1973 to 1993”。（注意，同位语可以同位前面的名词，句子，或者这样一个介词短语；但定语从句只能修饰前面某个具体的名词）

C． era主动发出transform这个动作不合逻辑。

D． during which引导的定语从句只能修饰前面某个名词，1973或者1993，但逻辑上应该是“from 1973 to 1993”这个时间段内，city被transform。

E． 使用定语从句有误，同D。

15.

Scientific evidence suggests that the benefits arising from consumption of alcohol are greatest with alcohol that is taken with meals on a moderate, regular basis than when it is consumed on binges.

(A) with alcohol that is taken with meals on a moderate, regular basis than when it is consumed

(B) with taking alcohol with meals on a moderate, regular basis as opposed to its consumption

(C) when alcohol is taken with meals on a moderate, regular basis, rather than consuming it

(D) when alcohol is taken with meals on a moderate, regular basis rather than consumed

(E) when alcohol, taken with meals on a moderate, regular basis, and not consumed

解析：

A． than身前没有more之类的比较级与之搭配，语法有误。

B． as opposed to可以看作一个大介词，在此做状语修饰taking。但逻辑上，consume和take应该是并列的关系，表示酒精在两种不同的情况下被消耗，这两种情况是并列平等的关系，而非修饰关系。

C． rather than是并列连词，身后的consuming往前找没有doing可以与之并列。

D． 正确。

E． when引导的从句中缺少谓语动词，属于语法错误。

16.

Whereas lines of competition are clearly defined in the more established industries, in the Internet industry they are blurred and indistinct, as companies that compete one day may be partners the next.

(A) Whereas lines of competition are clearly defined in the more established industries, in the Internet industry they are blurred and indistinct, as companies that compete

(B) Although the lines of competition are clearly defined in industries that are more established, they are blurred and indistinct in the Internet industry, as competing companies

(C) The lines of competition are clearly defined in the more established industries, unlike the Internet where they are blurred and indistinct, as companies that compete

(D) Unlike more established industries, where the lines of competition are clearly defined, they are burred and indistinct in the Internet industry, as companies that compete

(E) Unlike more established industries, with clearly defined lines of competition, those of the Internet industry are blurred and indistinct, as competing companies

解析：

A． 正确。one day做compete的状语。

B． one day做状语修饰be partner；the next也做状语修饰be partner。此时选项的字面意思为“公司在某一天在下一天成为伙伴”，语意有误。逻辑上，“在某一天”应该修饰compete这个动作，“在下一天”修饰be partners这个动词，如A所写，意为“在某一天竞争的公司会在下一天成为伙伴”。

C． unlike身后是the Internet，无法与主语lines of competition形成对比关系。

D． unlike身后是industries，无法与主语they（指代lines of competition）形成对比关系。

E． unlike身后是industries，无法与主语those（指代lines of competition）形成对比关系。

17.

Most of the purported health benefits of tea comes from antioxidants--compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C that inhibit the formation of plaque along the body's blood vessels.

(A) comes from antioxidants--compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C that

(B) comes from antioxidants--compounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and they

(C) come from antioxidants--compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and

(D) come from antioxidants--compounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C and that

(E) come from antioxidants--compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and they

解析：

A． 主语是benefits，谓语用comes，出现了主谓不一致的错误。

B． 主谓不一致错误同A。

C． and身后的inhibit在语法上只能和come from并列，但逻辑上并不是“benefits（益处）”抑制了plague的形成，而是antioxidants这个化合物抑制了plague的形成。

D． 正确。that are found和that inhibit并列作compounds的定语。

E． and身后出现了完整句，那么“化合物抑制了plague的形成”需要和前面的完整句“茶叶的益处来自antioxidants”并列。但逻辑上，“抑制”应该和“被发现”并列，他们均属于对compounds的特点的描述。

18.

The two oil companies agreed to merge their refining and marketing operations in the Midwest and the West, forming a new company for controlling nearly fifteen percent of the nation's gasoline sales.

(A) forming a new company for controlling

(B) forming a new company that would control

(C) which would form a new company that controlled

(D) which formed a new company for controlling

(E) which formed a new company that would control

解析：

A． for controlling...是介词短语做定语，但此时controlling是没有逻辑主语的（介词短语中，名词本身没有逻辑主语。如果想让它有逻辑主语，需要在名词前加所有格），我们并不知道是谁控制了15%的sales。但逻辑上，肯定是这个新公司将会控制15%的sales。

B． 正确。that引导定语从句，先行词company做从句里的主语，发出control这个动作。

C． which引导定语从句，修饰the two oil companies自己的特点。但逻辑上，“形成一个新公司”是agree to merge（同意合并）这个动作带来的结果，所以用伴随状语修饰动作更合理。

D． which引导定语从句，语意有误同C。

E． which引导定语从句，语意有误同C。

19.

Greatly influenced by the Protestant missionary Samuel Kirkland, the Oneida was the only one of the five-nation Iroquois League who sided with the colonists during the American Revolution.

(A) was the only one of the five-nation Iroquois League who sided

(B) was alone of the five-nation Iroquois League when they sided

(C) alone among the five nations of the Iroquois League sided

(D) were the only ones out of the five nations of the Iroquois League in siding

(E) only of the five-nation Iroquois League had sided

解析：

A． 句首的greatly influenced...是伴随状语修饰主句；主句的主干为：the Oneida was the only one （SVC结构，Onedia是唯一）。此时整句话的字面意思为“受SK影响，Onedia是唯一”；而C选项的字面意思为“受SK影响，Onedia站到了殖民者这一方”，相比之下，受某人影响后，Onedia做出了相应的举动更合理，而不是受影响之后，Onedia有了一个特点。

B． 主句为SVC结构，语意错误同A；they没有合理指代。

C． 正确。主句主干：the Onedia（主） sided with（谓） the colonists（宾）.（SVO结构）。

D． 主句为SVC结构，语意错误同A；主语为单数，谓语用were，主谓不一致。

E． 过去完成式描述在过去某个时间之前发生的动作。整句话中需要有一个过去的动作为标志才能用过去完成式；即使以influenced为标志，side也不可能发生在influenced之前。肯定是先influence，才能有side这个动作。

20.

Whereas heat transferred between the ocean and the atmosphere occurs more rapidly when the ocean is warmer than the air, it is slow when the ocean is colder.

(A)  Whereas heat transferred between the ocean and the atmosphere occurs more rapidly when the ocean is warmer than the air, it is slow when the ocean is colder.

(B) Unlike the slow process of heat transfer between the ocean and the atmosphere when the ocean is colder than the air, heat transfers more rapidly when the ocean is warmer.

(C) The transfer of heat between the ocean and the atmosphere is slow when the ocean is colder than the air and more rapid when the ocean is warmer.

(D) Transferring heat between the ocean and the atmosphere occurs slowly when the ocean is colder than the air and more rapidly when it is warmer.

(E) When the ocean is colder than the atmosphere, heat transferred between them occurs slowly, unlike the more rapid transfer occurring when the ocean is warmer.

解析：

A． whereas引导的从句提取主干：heat occurs（热量发生），语意有误。逻辑上只能是一件事发生了，不能说热量发生。

B． unlike身后的process和主句主语heat无法形成对比关系。

C． 正确。主句主干：the transfer is slow and rapid（传输是慢的/快的）。

D． 主句主干：Transferring heat between the ocean and the atmosphere（主语） occurs（谓语）。此选项中，slowly做状语修饰occur这个动作，但“发生”这个动作不能用快慢形容，只能说“传输transfer”这样一个过程是快或慢的。

E． 主句主干为“heat occurs.”语意有误同A。