'Comma + ING' represents 1. A consequence of 2. More information about the previous clause.
Generally, COMMA + VERBIng serves to express an action that is attributed to the nearest preceding SUBJECT and that occurs as part of the nearest preceding ACTION.
A and B: Lucretia Mott published her Discourse on Women, arguing in a treatise.
Here, the usage of COMMA + arguing implies that Lucretia Mott was ARGUING at the same time as she PUBLISHED.
This meaning is nonsensical.
其他地方看到的解释
个人感觉A选项里comma+ing的句子还是应该是一个状语从句(副词性修饰语),如果是ing形式的词作定语是不能带comma的。A的问题是在arguing对应的发出行动的主体是LM,在逻辑和语义上无法对应,一对比肯定是E选项 a treatise that argued for语义上更符合。“媒介”真的很有参考意义!
因为the same as不是more than或者as as的这种正式的规范用法,这里比较对象中的that可以省去。
B选项中,拿cost of running nuclear plants和for other types相比是可以的,因为这里不是那么正式的语法,且至少给出了介词for代表前面可能省略了cost,起码不是拿cost和other types相比,而是cost和other types的什么什么东西相比,这个for起了一个暗示作用;而E选项中没有这样的一个介词for,用of也会产生一些小歧义。
ron:"twice as many", "one-quarter as many", etc. are not only acceptable as idiomatic expressions but also extremely common in the english language.
since this idiom is present in the correct answer, which was written by gmac, IT IS CORRECT.
“ In D, which seems to refer to an event, implying that our ancestors' numbers were reduced FROM an event -- a nonsensical meaning.”