with the result that
Sara wasn't at school last week, with the result that she missed an important test.
前面半句说的整个事实导致了后面缺考的结果。

If a day of the week serves to express WHEN an action occurs, no preposition is needed:
Mary visited the park last Tuesday.
Here, last Tuesday is an adverb serving to modify visited, expressing WHEN Mary VISITED..

RON说过single dash不能连接两个independent clause，AD排除
some time是个名词短语，要加上介词短语语义才能完整，排除EC，选B

D having been 在说P一只在被消灭，直到现在还是在被消灭着，也可以表示动作已经结束，产生了持续到现在的影响。
"still continues" is a redundant construction; that's a clear error.

its profits declined much less in the second quarter than analysts had expected
还原成its profits declined much less in the second quarter than its profits declined as analysts had expected
D选项=its profits declined much less in the second quarter than analysts had expected its profits to decline，

对比这个伴随状语：
Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all.

those charged for property ， charged for property过去分词作定语修饰those，
这时候表被动用名词+动词的过去分词，
rental rates being charged for property，being charged for property现在分词作定语修饰rental rates，同时being charged表被动，直接用charged，去掉be动词

(B) Correcet；补全省略即there are fewer than one-quarter as many (as there were at the height of their popularity in the late 1950s)； fewer修饰可数名词正确；one-quarter在此做副词修饰as many，后面不用再加of，类似于twice as many/much as
(D) the number指代不清；the amount指代不清，并且只能修饰不可数名词

pronounce固定搭配: pronounce sb/sth sth/adj:
e.g.
The victim was pronounced dead on arrival.
I now pronounce you man and wife.

1.当过去分词在句末时，不管有无逗号，一般都是就近修饰名词; 但偶尔也做状语修饰整个句子，如He hurried to the hall, followed by two guards. 修饰情况由逻辑决定。
2.现在分词在句末时，无逗号是就近修饰的名词的定语；
3.当现在分词在句尾且前有逗号时,修饰邻近句子的主语,做主语的伴随状语或做句子的伴随结果.因此不能用句尾现在分词修饰前面句尾的名词.

A. leaking作为ran aground off的结果状语不如并列合理（ran aground了不一定leaking）；while causing中暗指被省略的causing的主语是barge，逻辑错误，而且用while来连接causing和前面分句的关系不合理(不管是引导时状、还是转折、还是让步、还是条件)；causing the pollution不如直接polluting做结果状语表达有效；
B. and后面的it指代barge错误，barge不能造成污染，而是撞击并泄露的事才造成污染

D.
RON: no -- that would be nonsense.
"was injured 3 times" is clearly something that happened after she joined the army; it can't modify the stuff that precedes it.
remember that modifier errors generally aren't grammar errors; they are generally meaning errors.

which不能跳过in California来修饰minority，因为in Californian不是minority的定语，而是修饰are的状语，中文可以理解为“在California是少数群体”，而不是“California的少数群体”。所以which只能指代California，逻辑错误，不选。对于noun1+prep+noun2,which 的类型，只用当prep+noun2修饰的是noun1时，which才能够跳过介词短语去修饰noun1。否则，只能就近修饰noun2。

The media = all the organizations, such as television, radio, and newspapers, that provide news and information for the public, or the people who do this work

句首Since February，后面的for weeks是完成时态的标志，with伴随状语，少了因果语气。

the most concrete reason is that \"at\" is a preposition. prepositions must be followed by nouns; \"as low...\" is not a noun. (by contrast, note that \"temperatures\" -- which follows \"at\" in the correct answer -- is a noun.)

A. 同位语前的and起到强调语气的作用
GWD24-Q23: Discussion of greenhouse effects has usually focused on whether the Earth would warm and by how much, but climatologists have indicated all along that the most obvious effects, and those that would have the largest impact on people, would be extremes of temperature, precipitation, and storminess.
毛毛carina的类比：我认为A选项是这样一个结构，换句中文举例：最大那个苹果，同时也是最红的那个苹果，是我想吃的。主句是最大那个苹果是我想吃的，中间成分，那么刚刚好它也是最红的。所以需要有and，也就是说和用非限定性定从语气上有区别。

consider A B：把A认为是B，中间不加as和to be，其中B为名词或形容词。

个人认为这道题B,E一个很大的区别是，B中in the country 做定语修饰market,语义为 在这个国家里的市场，而E中，是the country做主语，语义是 国家的图书市场，应该是 这家公司 提高自己 占 一个国家的整个图书市场的份额更加合理。而在国家里的图书市场并没有意义。

outnumbering如此处表结果，修饰前面的主句，逻辑上不连贯。