specialized discipline of chemical ecology, which is concerned with the role of plant chemicals in interactions with other organisms
chemical ecology关注于研究植物化学成分和其他生物体的交互作用
Such ideas led to the development of the specialized discipline of chemical ecology, which is concerned with the role of plant chemicals in interactions with other organisms and with the evolution and ecology of plant antiherbivore chemistry (plants' chemical defenses against attack by herbivores such as insects).
For many years, viral disease had been reported in declining populations of caterpillars, but population ecologists had usually considered viral disease to have contributed to the decline once it was underway rather than to have initiated it.
定位：A manufacturer's fixed costs and "sunk costs" (original capital investment in the physical plant) do not decrease when production declines due to inadequate supplies of raw materials, problems on the factory floor, or inefficient sales networks.
固定成本和沉默成本并不会在生产下降的时候减少
定位Such industries are quickly dominated, not by the first firms to acquire technologically sophisticated plants of theoretically optimal size, but rather by the first to exploit the full potential of such plants.
However, whereas cactus-flower abundance tends to be high during spring, bat population densities tend to be low except near maternity roosts.
花的数量很多，但是相对bats的密度偏低。->导致了bats无法给所有的花授粉
定位： A virtuous citizenry was considered essential to the success of the country’s republican form of government; virtue was to be instilled not only by churches and schools, but by families, where the mother’s role was crucial.
定位：Pointing to “An Essay on Woman” (1753) as reflecting a shift in view, Woody also claimed that practical education for females had many advocates before the Revolution.
TW认为"AN Essay on Woman"反映了观念上的转折点
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specialized discipline of chemical ecology, which is concerned with the role of plant chemicals in interactions with other organismschemical ecology关注于研究植物化学成分和其他生物体的交互作用