RON:the core of the sentence is
a bird has colors.
both 'found in the philippines'** and 'resembling a hummingbird' are modifiers. they use somewhat different specific verb forms—but they both modify the same thing, and so they're parallel.
第一段最后一句: are usually considered irrelevant to this discussion,transactions is assumed to have been too low说明认为16 17世纪交易量少是主观认为 而非客观事实
第二段开头马上提示In reality, however, ……The large volume of transactions 说明客观事实
The large volume of transactions associated with these activities seems to have necessitated hierarchical management structures well before the advent of modern communications and transportation.
E的意思:那些富有高额外债的发展中国家是否应该继续专注于以出口来发展经济。