relative judgements:
C：expectations are for VS are expected to be
D：it is the expectation that VS It is expected that VS are expected to be

relative judgements:
AC：having been
D： repetition of “explain”

relative judgements:
ABC:(that were/having been) cut VS cut

relative judgements:
AC:it is the costs ... that make(s)” VS “the costs make"
E: is made more expensive VS is more expensive; made expensive because of the cost stemming from VS made expensive by the cost stemming (still awkward)

relative judgements:
E:while they pondered VS pondering

relative judgements:
BCD： and also/and .. as well VS and
BE: his envisioning VS vision

relative judgements:
A: having been discovered VS discovered
E: which was named VS named

relative judegements:
BC：same size as GB is / same size as GB’s land area VS same size as GB

relative judegements:
B： was what triggered VS triggered

relative judegements:
B: be of the conviction that VS be convinced that

relative jugements:
BD：expected the increase of piracy < expected piracy to increase

relative jugements:
A： its covering VS covering modifies Earth,很多时候Verbing名词化不是因为本身有错，而是谓语讲事情、修饰讲关联更好
B： despite the fact VS although

relative jugements:
E： have been enduring VS endured，endure本身含有持续的过程

relative jugements:
B：were what accounted for VS accounted for

relative jugements:
BE：plans (that are/which are) to VS plans to

relative jugements:
BDE：“a much earlier emergence of” VS “emerged much earlier”
D： “that which”

relative jugements:
CE：as (thought to be/have been thought) by VS as thought by
CDE:“as thought by some analysts” VS “as some analysts thought”

relative jugements:
E： repetition of “bar codes”

relative jugements:
ABD：“result...” adds no value to “attributed” — redundancy

relative jugements:E being redundancy