C：Using the participle form, "intending", after a comma changes the way the modifier works. Instead of simply modifying steps, now "intending" is modifying the preceding clauses, implying that the politicians both proposed the smaller steps AND postponed an ambitious plan in an attempt to protect the fish. This doesn't make sense because delaying the ambitious plan does not protect the fish.

D:clarify阐明，文章不是在说明，是有点质疑的意思。讨论理论的可接受度更合适一些

题干weaken the budget-deficit explanation for the discrepancy没看到，感觉时间不够后乱选的。

The author dives into this topic by writing about the contrasting views of neuroscientists and ethologists. While most of the word count in this passage is spent on how ethologists treat the case of Shaker, the author does this for the sake of illustrating the contrast in perspectives.

Quote:
C. outline the major questions in a scientific discipline

We can eliminate (C) because the author didn't write the passage to outline major questions. If this were true, we'd see more of an outline-like breakdown of more than one question. Instead, we have a deep dive into a single question ("How do these two groups define behavioral?") and a single example (Shaker) used to address that question.

第一个　题干说有一半的人不写正式的商业计划formal plan照样融资成功好像还更快，结论是正式的商业计划对融资没帮助。

C答案是典型的他因，说不是因为这玩意不管用，而是那写不写计划的人从熟人（以前合作过的）那里借钱，熟门熟路熟面孔，当然不用什么正式的商业计划　

我错选了C 因为我觉得c的意思是工厂的计划不一定能实现。。。我不明白，新建了三个工厂怎么了，这个核心不是两年内不能减少，四年内可以减少吗？我以为emission说的是总排放量啊。。。。。

注意discovered修饰的对象是evidence而不是动物。另外比较级的使用方法区别

还有一个点：HF比A常见，那HF(已发生)伴随着A的人数肯定比A(已发生)伴随着HF的人数少

第二段第一个however更像是转话题而不是转折文意

第二段：However转折，在地下水充足的地带生长的树显示出很微弱的年轮差异；这些“自给自足”的年轮不能表现出气候的变迁。另外，极度干旱地区的树可能一两年都长不出年轮，由此（给Dendrochronology）增添了不确定性。在经历了暂时性生长中断并重新生长后，有些品种有时一年长不止一道年轮。
第二段要注意的是，虽然有转折，却不是完全否定第一段最后一段的Often, ring patterns of dead trees of different, but overlapping, ages can be correlated to provide an extended index of past climate conditions.（改一下之前的，不是相关联的，是联系起来），只是提供了几个特殊情况。体现在第二段其实没有论点，都是fact，要有新的conclusion才确定是否认了之前的观点。
作者对Dendrochronology的态度，在第一句就交代了——possible，是正态度。

第一段：Dendrochronology是一个通过年轮收集从前信息的学科,这个学科是靠谱的，因为每年树在新生木质和树皮之间加一条新年轮。在合适的近极的的气候下，在生长季形成的细胞皮薄馅大，但之后的新细胞皮厚馅小；生长季之后是一段休眠时期。看树干的横截面，前一年生长季末尾的小细胞和后一年生长季的大细胞之间的界限很明显。每年的生长模式以一圈一圈、越来越大的环呈现。湿润的年份，环宽，干旱的年份，环窄，原因是树长得少。死了的树的环在不同却交叠的年份形成的模式，常是相关联的，可以提供过去天气状况的信息。

第一句就说明了作者对Dendrochronology的正态度，后面的转折也并未否定正态度的大前提，只是列举了几种可能影响判断的情况

错选B

function as sth.，起...的作用，作为，充当
function as teeth --> they work as an acceptable substitute for teeth
function as teeth do --> they work in the same way as teeth do - same mechanics, same action, etc. this is not what is meant.

The possessive pronoun actually NEEDS to be done away with, as it has no proper antecedent. The best approximation to an antecedent is 'the turtle,' but that doesn't work because, as used here, 'the turtle' refers to the entire range of turtle species throughout evolutionary history - not just the 'contemporary turtle species' described in the latter part of the sentence.

B的问题在前句是个事实现象，并不是一个suggestion

on hearing一听到，
on hearing, in 1609, that such an optical instrument had been made这句是he quickly built his own device from an organ pipe and spectacle lenses的状语

很多的工人都抱怨说在目前的最低工资标准下，已经无法维持生存了。因此政府决定要上调最低工资标准。但是boss说上调最低工资标准之后将会导致失业率上升，因为无法雇佣这么多的员工。问削弱。
前提是现在已经活不下去了呀，那么工人就可能会辞职去找别的工作，工人辞职之后boss还不是得重新雇人，可能会花更多的钱，这才有A选项当中的employment cost一说，这里有个假设的场景没有说，就是不涨工资工人会辞职，老板要重新花钱雇人。个人感觉employment cost不是指的福利、津贴那些额外成本吧。

ADE: if active, (then) active (not passive); if passive, (then) passive