定位：At the empirical level Clark shows how a change at the telephone exchange from maintenance-intensive electromechanical switches to semielectronic switching systems ／altered ／work tasks, skills, training opportunities, administration, and organization of workers／.

这里 find的意思是 科学家发现证据去表明XX，而不是证据本身就能表明。
而18OG 716中的C，“gather evidence suggesting XX”科学家是收集证据，是不是说证据本身就表明XX了呢？是不是说这个证据是已经存在的且已经被证明是可以来表明XX。
而这一题中的find，根据老师的讲解，这个是新的证据，是需要被发现然后来被证明是可以表明XX的。

定位：The constructivists gain acceptance by／ misrepresenting technological determinism／: technological determinists ／are supposed to believe／, for example,前面说接受misrepresenting technological determinism，紧接着说这些接受。。。的人应该是相信。。。（misrepresenting的结果－不准确的）

个人认为C应该是错在时态问题哦

用之于本题，主句“澳大利亚胚胎学家发现证据”这件事会直接影响“证据能表明大象的进化史”这件事的发生与否（如果不发现证据，证据自然什么都无法证明）

定位：The constructivists gain acceptance by／ misrepresenting／ technological determinism
定位：／technological determinists／ are supposed to believe, for example, that machinery imposes appropriate forms of order on society. ／The alternative ／to constructivism两观点是相反的

这都错 看句子总是看不全

考点：主谓一致；句法结构
分析：each引导独立主格结构，后面接短语；each of them可以独立做主语，逗号不能连接2个独立的句子；定语从句的谓语动词要跟所修饰的名词或代词主谓一致；
选项：
A.each of them可以做主语，一句话中两个独立的句子逗号连接，句子不完整；
B.同A，句子不完整；
C.正确，each of which，which修饰的each，谓语动词用单数has；
D.which引导的定语从句中没有谓语动词；
E.which修饰each，have主谓不一致；

错选C 语义理解不到位

定位1：technology can be a primary determinant of social and managerial organization. E选项：不应该是business, 而是social and managerial organization
定位2: Clark believes this possibility has been obscured by the recent sociological fashion, exemplified by Braverman's analysis,
定位3: This position represents the new mainstream called ／social constructivism／.

选项看着看着把一开始的reasons复数这个事给忘了！！！

注意平行结构！！

B选项： 'technological determinists are supposed to believe, for example, that machinery/ imposes/ appropriate forms of order on society.'显示with no negotiation.其中impose是施加，强加的意思；

定位： that ／machinery／／ imposes appropriate forms of order on society／. The alternative to constructivism, in other words, is to view ／technology／ as existing outside society, capable of directly ／influencing skills and work organization／.

定位1: technology can be a primary determinant of social and managerial organization.
定位2: Clark believes this possibility has been ／obscured／ by the recent sociological fashion, ／exemplified by Braverman's analysis／, that emphasizes ／the way machinery reflects social choices／. For Braverman, the shape of a technological system is ／subordinate to the manager's desire／ to wrest control of the labor process from the workers.

定位：At the empirical level Clark shows how a change at the telephone exchange from maintenance-intensive electromechanical switches to semielectronic switching systems altered work tasks, skills, training opportunities, administration, and organization of workers.

critique和vision都是”essay“的同位语
因此需保持平行关系 同为动词或同为名词

定位：1. ／1981 discovery ／of...
2. The vertebrate skeleton ／had traditionally been regarded／ as a defensive development, ... that vertebrates ／became predators／. The first vertebrates, ... would have been easy prey for numerous invertebrate carnivores, 一直虚拟语气，而第一段最后就提到了1981年的这个发现对于development of the vertebrate skeleton有重大意义，所以1981年发现与二段开头的观点相反，与However, other paleontologists 的观点一致，即第一批有脊动物是捕食者