主旨题：
A：作者讨论两个理论A & B；
B：not mentioned
C: the two theory can be referred to as hypotheses, but the author is not primarily concerned with defending them; rather, the passage explains how each attempts to account for the phenomenon in question;
D: presents no refute;
E: reveal no new evidence, this passage is a general discussion of scientific opinions based on existing evidence.见： "Biologists have advanced two theories to explain why"
A: is used to the explanation for theory A, not B
B: Not discussed
C:Not discussed
D: In many schools the fish are almost identical in appearance, making it difficult for a predator to select one.
E: 除非其他的大部分鱼类也是medium-sized，否则没有优势；
’two theories to explain why schooling of fish occurs in so many fish species. Because schooling is particularly widespread among species of small fish, both theories assume that schooling offers the advantage of some protection from predators.‘ 证明schooling help to protect fish from predators.
笔记：women's [demonstrations] at rallies would influence men's voting behavior [X]
women's presence at rallies would enhance the moral standing of the party [confer sth on 授予给予，可以是这个意思】
A is a better poet than B✅the better poet than❌; X is the better poet;✅
A选项：只能用consider A B，而不能用consider A to be B；当consider意为“认为”时，只能用consider A to be B而不能用consider A B。
B选项：比较对象不对等。在逻辑上应该是Elizabeth Barrett Browning的“成功”被她丈夫的成功掩盖。
C选项：overshadowed的主语为Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s poetry。但在逻辑上，被掩盖的应该是她的成功，而不是她的诗歌
E选项：比较对象有误。不能用Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s poetry和her husband做比较
B选项：首先，with planets orbiting them是一个独立主格结构，其应改为修饰stars的定语从句。这是因为，独立主格是状语，修饰的是discover这个句子。在逻辑上，不能说“伴随着星星被环绕，科学家们发现了17颗星星”，而应该是“科学家发现了17颗被环绕的星星”。其次，最后的that were about the size of Jupiter是定语从句，最近的名词为them（stars），但在逻辑上，这个定语从句应该修饰的名词是planets。that were这里是过去时，容易被认为是这些行星“过去”和木星一样大，但现在可能不一样了，这是不合逻辑的。应该用一般现在时表示一个客观事实；
B选项：there is no 'be' in the second clause, and 'and' does not clearly indicate the connection between the two clauses.
C选项：'had been'和'was being' represent inappropriate tenses, and 'there had been' construction is longer than necessary;where引导的定语从句最近的名词是electricity，这会使得该定语从句的先行词变为electricity，在逻辑上不合理
D选项：'having lights' and 'there was 'construction are longer and unnecessary, this sentence makes 'there', instead of 'homes', the subject of 'having'; having lighting在本选项中可以做定语从句homes had electricity的伴随状语。在逻辑上，我们不能说“房子拥有光亮（home have lighting）“，只能说”房子里有光“。这是因为房子不能主动的拥有光亮
E选项：'had been' is not the appropriate tense for this situation;where引导的定语从句最近的名词electricity
A选项：in its eastward orientation和by its overall plan不平行，两者身前的介词应该均用by
B选项：A ruined structure是was indicated的主语，但在逻辑上，被计划和朝向表明的应该是“一个已毁坏的结构是一座教堂”这个事件，而不是“一个已毁坏的结构本身”。与语义不符；
C选项：Indicating that开头就是会造成confusing and awkward; were也应该是单数；
D选项：indicates的主语？sth is indicated...
E选项：That a ruined structure found at Aqaba, Jordan, was probably a church是 主语从句。by A+B, as well as by C-平行结构
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B选项还有一个判断方法，就是相关因果必须要提到AB两件事或者给出一个能解释B的原因，然而B选项均不符合这样的特点