仔细研究了一下expect这个词，Expect除了有期待的意思还有预计/估计的意思，不管是哪种情况，这个词在英文中暗含了——这个事情很有可能会发生的含义。所以，她的约束力都是强的。甚至当你说I expect sth....this implies that you believe it is your right to have that. 所以在这种情况下，当句子expect automakers出现时，一定是强约束力，所以永远是expect sb to do sth. 但是，如果要在后面加that 或者名词，就要直接跟在expect的后面而不是expect automakers that....立刻减弱了expect内在的“强势”的内涵。

constitute被视为 被算作 组成 构成

用的时间长不能等同于少吧，毕竟空间更大

定位Evidence that pheromone responses may not involve conscious odor perception comes from the finding that in many species, pheromones are processed by the vomeronasal (or accessory olfactory) system

老师，opinion后面in, on, about有区别吗？

A选项 Hard怎么理解，什么时候理解成努力lobby，什么时候就是很难lobby的意思？

D的错误在用总体推个体，
总体是：大多数美国城市，不是所有的逮捕最后会被定罪，不是所有被定罪的最后会进监狱
个体是：在Middletown这个地方的情况，而这个Middletown可能就是那些少数的美国城市之一。

"after" isn't a parallel signal. it can introduce another verb, but it doesn't have to; it can also be followed by -ING, or even by a noun, in these cases.
i came home after i finished printing the report
i came home after working out
i came home after midnight
... all correct

从平行角度看DE：there will be 1.6 billion people and surpass China.
拆开成为： there will be 1.6 billion people. there will surpass China. 比较奇怪
从代词的角度看： there 只能指代地名，而C中则替换为了the country.
Ron讲过：如果选项中有代词和实际名词，则选名词项目。所以可直接选C

记得og上有一道题的解析说句意要按照事情发生的顺序，对于此题，将发生时间排序就好了，只剩下了选项D

the "that which" is ambiguous here. Whenever you're unsure of a pronoun, swap the antecedent back in: "... fewer calories than THE DIET which they would normally eat..." You don't "eat" a diet. You eat food, you eat calories, etc. But we tend to treat "diet" as an abstract noun - it's the rules of food consumption, but not the food itself.

如果E改为the rate of people's consuming fatty foods对不对呢

1. 当consider是“看作（regard as）”的意思时，确实，consider A B比consider A as B要更优（原因非常简单，如果我们用regard as来替换consider的话，那其实已经有一个as了，不必要再用一个as）
2. 修饰非并列关系

1.滑坡论证是因果，不是果因。
2.本题PC没抓住。仔细审题，结论句非常明显，就在So之后。经济原因忍受污染。那么A很明显就削弱了结论。

这个题目还需要再看下文章

CD的区别，to have done 和 to be making考察的是
先时性和同时性的知识点

studies of the most patent-conscious business of all-the semiconductor industry-suggest that firms do not necessarily become more innovative as they increase their patenting activity.

自己的理解——要比较两个因素 超过40岁和超过15年，那么最好在选项里两个都要出现。
B. choice of research & belief - 无关
C. 只出现了over 40
D. 老鸟 vs 新人 - 没说年纪。。veteran不和40岁直接相关
E. 只和年纪有关
A. beyond 40 & enter at a later age 两个都讲了，只是讲的比较绕

在C和E里面纠结了下，其实And是一个信号，如果讲的是洗衣服的两个步骤，那么placing和tossing之间还应该再有一个and. 否则缺少连词。

Scholars of women's history should, however, be as cautious about accepting oral narratives at face value as they already are about written memories.