这是一个因果倒置的例子

mark, 定语从句中reduce是单数，但是主句没有单数名词

mark

代词the ones指代有误。这个代词通常用于指代前面出现过的一堆人或物种的几个，例如：
I planted a lot of roses in my garden. The ones in white I like the best.
例句中的the ones指代的是a lot of roses中的几朵。在本题中，显然同一群人不可能即被鲨鱼咬死又被蜜蜂咬死。

D is definitely not the correct choice.

"not as hard as" needs to be followed by a noun, not an action; the usage of that phrase in D is incorrect.

For example, we could say:

Bob's head is not as hard as Fred's;

but we can't say:

Bob's head is not as hard as to make Fred's would be.

考点：并列，带入D&E 去考察and连接的部分
D:to determine when it becomes destructive and the mental problems
E:to determine when it becomes destructive and which kinds of mental problems it can signal

Mark:
a trunk and a crown that spread - spread 是复数，所以指前面两个
a trunk and a crown spreading - A & B spreading 是定语在修饰B
with trunk and with a crown that spreads - spreads是单数，仅在修饰B
魔鬼在细节

“可以被追溯到什么年份”和“可以解释什么特点”是一件事两个不同方面的属性，应该用合句来表示两者并列，而不能用伴随状语。伴随状语表达的是主从关系，即，两个事件之间有因果或者强弱的关系。

C错哪了？

mark,
B，逗号+being作为伴随状语 与谓语was said在逻辑上——不应该——有修饰关系。for European是介词短语作定语，那么就是为了探索提供evidence。而A中同位语，that在句中不做任何成份。

另外介词短语是即可以作定语又可以做状语的，介词短语本身没有任何不同，只是修饰的词不同，所以做的成分不同。

mark:
D倒装又省略：were his short stories= AC is far better known for his plays than his short stories were (known for his plays)

注意本句题干里面new models in North America that are less expensive....定语从句的跳跃性修饰是可以存在的。需要用好几个成份去修饰同一个名词的时候，定语从句的跳跃就不可避免。

介词短语可以被称为介宾短语 - 介词可被理解为动词，名词充当宾语的成份。所以on account of(介词)+living at（名词短语)是一种表达方式，但是因为living本身缺乏主语，不知道谁live at。。。所以错。改正方法是添加所有格。本题crab就是on account of its living at...

C选项 to develop和哪部分平行有歧义

名词性从句 指 主语从句 宾语从句 这类可以被名词充当的成份。

architects and stonemasons是建筑师和泥瓦匠，不是建筑和石头房子，Maya的同位语！

B中so, 似乎前后是原因/结果的关系，但是原文是2个facts

找到了排除B的原因
Generally:
that + SINGULAR VERB should refer to the nearest preceding SINGULAR noun.
that + PLURAL VERB should refer to the nearest preceding PLURAL noun.
A: progress that has decimated native peoples
B: progress by which native peoples...have been decimated
Here, both that and which seem to refer to progress.

mark, 不要判断时态ABC在时态上没有错误，可以说 Visitors have often looked up...and saw....平行的时候不需要连词前后的时态必须一致。
C比AB好的原因是AB后面跟的定语从句，应该是描述名词本质的特征。但是C是状语从句，描述动作的，所以C比较好。

mark
C从语法上没有错误。定语in many people修饰disinclination, 定语to recognize that 修饰people.
E willing to admit, 伴随状语 - 逗号+Ing必为伴随。