A:in its spending做状语修饰is unlike这件事，意思是：在生活方式这方面和其他昆虫不一样，错
B:除去自己，必须有other
C 定从句的that 连接词 和后面的谓语动词 中间可以有插入语
D:because是连词，只能连接两个句子。本选项中其连接的两个句子是a Japanese zoologist has found a species of midge unlike any insect known和it spends its entire life cycle in the snow and ice of a glacier（状语应就近修饰一个句子），但在逻辑上这两句话显然没有因果关系；insect身前缺少other错误同(B)。
E:spending 逗号+ving 伴随状语
其主语为any other insect（其最近的句子是定语从句that is known，所以它的主语和这个从句的主语相同），但是spend在逻辑上的主语应该是a species of midge，而不是any other insect。
A:本选项的意思是：
这种蚊子在整个生命都在冰层中这个方面和其它已知昆虫是不同的（a species of midge is unlike any other knowninsect in its spending its entire life cycle in the snow and ice of a glacier）。
其暗示：蚊子和其它昆虫在别的方面比较相似。在本选项中，我们无从得知蚊子和其它昆虫是否在其它方面是相似的，因此不能用这种表达方式。只能说：
unlike any other known insect, a species of midge spends its entire life cyclein the snow and ice of a glacier.
该例句只说明了蚊子和其它昆虫在整个生命都在冰层中这个方面不同，没有暗示其它方面的情况。
B:insect前面的other不能少，因为，a species of midge本身就是一个生物，它只能和“其它”的生物都不像，不能自己和自己不像（unlike）。
if you've got a fraction of NOUN or a percentage of NOUN, you retain the singular/plural nature of NOUN.
so, since "students" is clearly a plural noun, so is "x% of students". since "precipitation" is clearly a singular noun, "50% of the precipitation" would also be a singular noun.
the planning commission voted to extend the highway 10 miles farther south, to allow commuters from the southern suburbs to travel downtown more quickly
--> this is an active construction. the modifier implies that "to allow..." was actually the intention of the planning commission; if that's not the case, this sentence is not ok.
if "to + verb" correctly expresses the intention of the ACTION then the sentence is fine.
the highway was extended 10 miles farther south, to allow commuters from the southern suburbs to travel downtown more quickly
--> this is a passive construction. "to allow..." is clearly not the intention of the highway itself -- in context, it's the intention of whoever planned the highway extension -- but, in a passive construction, this kind of usage is ok.
a would、should等等情态动词永远不会出现在if条件状语从句中，应该是if xxx，xxx would/ should
c only修饰紧跟在它后面的词，本选项翻译过来，ethics作为唯一的必修课被教学，明显和原句想表达的意思不符
d 1.时态错误，if条件状语从句的主句是前面未划线部分的that宾语从句，它是将来时，if应该用现在时，主将从现
2.only错误，同B
e 1.would错误，同A
2.only的移动改变了句意，ethics仅作为一个必修课被单独教学，错的类似B
AD都没有语法错误。其实这里be explained as =be，所以这里实际考了系表结构的语义平行。A项语义错在少了结果这个词语义才平行，be explained as 少一个 similarity is result of movement of people高度相似性被解释作一个人口快速（迁徙）的结果 ，这样语义才平行。
例句The growth of administrative review can be explained as a reaction to the growth of state power你简化为The growth can be a reaction 增长可能是个反应
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C：only修饰1/5，对
E：only只修饰它身后的一个词！！！即修饰 男性的旷工
所有五倍于女性的旷工的都是男性的旷工，即，只有男性的旷工率 是 女性旷工率 的5倍