第一段：女性地位下降的观点被新观点替代，更重视变化/连续性+地理位置/职业差别。以farmhouse cheese making为例。工农业革命后女性参与到cheese making其实是减少的。从前干的多，后来干的活类别少了，所以能力/独立性/创新都下降。（注意全篇不是为了说cheese making而是以它为例子）第二段：虽然P觉得之前更好啊，但是现在的人不大认同那个时候是golden age。比如现在的女的proceedings(贩卖东西得来的钱)没办法自由支配，然后举了个例子第三段：P忽略了女性一直在参与的事情，她们是做cheese的主力。英国cheese女和东南部英国及美国不参与农耕的女性形成了对比。对比这三个方面的发展就知道差别了。cheese女面对的环境：文化、农业、工作性质加在一起支持了她们可以继续做cheese。其他两个地方（东南部英国及美国）缺少三要

invalidates使无效，使失去价值

注意consist的用法

Option (D) the paragraph only mentioned "the incentive compensation of executives", there is no "compensatio packages of managers".
Option (E) the setence "The value of bidding firms' stock increased significantly when prospective mergers were announced." is not true itself. It should be "The stock value of firms that get bidded increased significantly when prospective mergers were announced."

Option (A) is not mentioned in this paragraph at all.
option (B) is derived from "managerial error in estimating the value of firms targeted for acquisition".
Option (C) "Consensus" means " a general agreement among a group of people. But actually it lacks "monitoring".

C：'it' is ambiguous, because it could potentially refer either to 'course of action' (the intended antecedent) or to 'incipient trouble'. also note that grammatical parallelism doesn't help: both of those possible antecedents are objects of prepositions - neither is the subject of its own clause (which would thereby create parallelism with 'it', which is the subject of its clause).

看清楚题目是bidding firms=acquiring firms，firms for which they bid=the firm for which it bids；
in that是指在哪一方面bidding firms怎么怎么样了，回到定位段， the stock of the prospective acquiring firm tends to increase in value much less than does that of the firm for which it bids.很显然答案是E

这题要靠对文章整体的把握：文章先提出问题 why firms initiate and consummate such transactions；紧接着列出三个such transaction的disadvantage；转折，给出与理论相悖的事实：Yet mergers and acquisitions remain common, and bidders continue to assert that their objectives are economic ones. ；最后通过分析，得出结论It seems that factors having little to do with corporate economic interests explain acquisitions.

a b选项，
arguing in a treatise for women是现在分词短语，做Discourse on Women的非限定性定语
请注意，本题的arguing in a treatise for women不能做主句的伴随状语，这是因为，发出argue这个动作的只能是Discourse on Women

C这个无关选项太无敌了
我们的惯性思维是拉的钱越多，代表越成功。 而这里并不关心的捐助额是多少。联系的100个人中，有80个人捐款了，即使这80个人一人只捐了一块，在这里也认为是成功的。 文段的质疑点是针对这80个人中是不是有很多是老熟人。 因为老熟人更倾向于再次捐款。 A说联系新人的成功率来看 S学校和其他人差不求多，正好说明 S80个人中老熟人比例很大。 而C说大多数的捐款都是老熟人，并且没有通过这些rasier，无关。 即使80个人捐的只有几块钱，只要这80个人都是新人，就说明了raiser很努力很高效了。。。

b 应该用伴随状语才符合文意。
d 主语换了，却继续用原来的动词，发生了逻辑混乱。这个主语不是动作的发生者。

OG也认为CDE中expect 的用法wordy and awkward

因为La Nina( a drop in the temperature of the surface waters)抵消了wind+sun activities的作用，所以冬天不像预测的那么冷了 是这个意思不

可以理解成以目标方案为结论的相关因果推理的CQ1吗

（A）wrong，2 reasons
1. Dedicate oneself to blablabla_>subject should be a person or a life.
Sth is dedicated to->right. Subject should be Thing, generallly.
2. Had+p.p. Wrong usage here.

选项A错误 ，including among them错误 ，including已经表示在其中了，再使用 among them 意思重复 。
选项 B错误 ，which指代前一句离得最近的那个名词 ，指代 了company，意思错误
选项 C错误 ，included among these 错误 同A。
选项 D正确 ，the threat of …and the decline in sales of …作为 challenges的同位语 同位语 。
选项 E错误 ，among these 应该 为 among them， as well as 有轻微 的主次 区分 意义 ，不如 and好。

rather than左右比较的是非竞争者公司和竞争者公司。
问题问的是以下哪一个不是和非竞争者公司benchmark的有效理由？

第二，介词短语 for the conveying of nutrients to bone cells应改为定语从句。这是因为，介词for身后是动名词短语，动名词是没有在语法上的逻辑主语的，例如，我们说，a bag for sleeping，这个词的意思是，睡袋。这完全不等同于a bag that sleeps（一个bag没法睡觉）。在本题语境下，tiny tubes必须是发出convey这个动作的施动者。

一直搞不清楚插入语和同位语的区别T T
比如，Peter, one of my friends, is handsome.
这里的插入语是不是也是同位语？

by doing sth，blblabla（ correct）
passive voice N1 be Ved by N2 （correct）
but by N in choice A of this question is not correct