* "forbid ... to" is more or less universally preferred to "forbid ... from" in formal written english, so i would assume that the gmat will follow the same preference.

a couple of other points:
* "prescribe drugs for their patients" is much better than "prescribe their patients drugs" (which would be fine in spoken language, but is at best awkward and at worst ambiguous when written)

well know 为什么要放在 as 的后面？

analogies:
the island's natives are known for stealing tourists' money, passports, and jewelry. --> these things go on today
the island's natives are known to have stolen tourists' money, passports, and jewelry. --> not necessarily still happening, but it has happened at some point

choice c:
fatal change of meaning.
this sentence implies that we are currently 'forcing [these species] to become extinct', a meaning that not only differs from the original but also borders on absurdity.
the original meaning, which we're not allowed to change, is that humans have forced the species into extinction at some point in the last 500 years, not that humans are doing so currently.

'to become extinct' does seem, to my eyes, more awkward and wordy than 'to extinction', but there are other issues in choices b and c.

choice b:
biggest problem = incorrect idiom: 'known as having forced'
known as is used with nouns: al capone was known as a gangster rather than as a tax cheat, but he was ultimately imprisoned only on charges of tax evasion.

with verbs, you have to use 'known to infinitive' or 'known for gerund'.

有点儿晕 ......第一段末尾不是说this trend批判K和B 的 generalization based on observation about upper-class women 但是为啥第二段又说this trend is also evident in works focusing on women that have literacy skills.
这不成了trend批判人家样本只是upper class， 自己也是focus on tiny type吗

* THE is also incompatible with "such as":
- Correct: I never read this book, but I read the other books on the shelf.
- Correct: I never read this book, but I read other books on the shelf, such as "Right Hand, Left Hand" and "The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich."
- Incorrect: I never read this book, but I read the other books on the shelf, such as "Right Hand, Left Hand" and "The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich."

独立主格

on the ground that ... 以…为理由,以…为借口
on the grounds that prep.由于,以...为理由
on the allegation that ... 理由是…,根据…理由
on the assumption that adv.假设
on the assumption that ... 以为…,假定…

while前后不用平行吗？

补充一点个人对D选项的想法：由于provisions是在介词短语中，this很难直接定位到provisions身上，相反this更像在指代整个句子，即tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas

1或2是1到2个单位，乘6

晕，第一个排除了转折关系，所以错了。理解为因为11月一直很好，所以今年也不例外的意思。哎这种错误怎么避免啊？

因果推理。
因：这个营地没有被发现有欧洲贸易品，欧洲商人在1620年代在这个地方就很活跃。
果：这个营地可以追溯到1930之前。
B选项是加强了因中可能存在的漏洞——可能这个营地中之前是有贸易的，但只是没有留下来贸易品而已。理解这点就理解了B选项：在这个地区所有确定被追溯到1620s的营地中，都发现了欧洲贸易品。也就是说，有贸易品被发现 跟 可以被追溯到1620s之间是确定的因果关系。也就加强了题干中的因果。

可是我觉得e也说了两者的区别，地价高的地方竹子少，普通地区竹子多

这是方案推理吗？

The constructivists gain acceptance by misrepresenting technological determinism,

The alternative to constructivism, in other words, is to view technology as existing outside society, capable of directly influencing skills and work organization.

how a change at the telephone exchange from maintenance-intensive electromechanical switches to semielectronic switching systems altered work tasks, skills, training opportunities, administration, and organization of workers.

每层之间的关系是，每上升一层，横排减一，纵排减一；
从最底层开始 A*B个，那么上面一层就是（A-1）*（B-1）个。