adenosine inhibits the release of neurotransmitters and caffeine affects brain of by countering the activity in the human brain of a naturally occurring chemical called adenosine.两处线索推出答案
A) comma + with = comma + prepositional modifier...modifies the entire previous clause.......which is not correct....it should modify the immediate preceding noun....so we should not use comma + preposition setup.
B) had is incorrect tense.....
C) where is used to modify places.
D) same as A.
E) Correct.
there's also the problem with "if [participle]" -- a modifier that, by convention, refers to the SUBJECT of the sentence (not the proximate noun).
for instance:
Animal 1 will attack animal 2 if injected with enough of the hormones related to aggression.
--> in this sentence it is animal 1, not animal 2, that is being injected with hormones.
if you're talking about concrete objects, you should replace the infinitive with something else. for instance:
* a substance to promote X (incorrect) --> a substance that promotes X (correct)
* a tool to install the shelves (incorrect) --> a tool with which to install the shelves (correct)
a substance to promote... is unidiomatic.
the only context in which i can remember "a NOUN to VERB" is a context in which the NOUN is abstract in nature. for instance:
a way to produce goods
a reason to try harder
note that "substance" is a concrete item; it's not an abstraction like "way" or "reason".
Nors是连词不是副词。 Nor前结构是S+V， Nor后结构也需要平行为S+V； but you should just consider this an idiomatic construction: nor + helping verb + subject. nor + noun + helping verb is never an acceptable construction. never, ever.
the initial modifier, "aware of...", has neither a subject nor a verb, so this is definitely not a run-on
the problem with A is that the adjectival Modifier is wrong here, it reads as if the Taste Test is Conducted WITH the awareness. So it seems as if the opening modifier is modifying the test not the companies.
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我觉得D错在：分析的是commuters，但是原文conclusion中说的是people，就算很多commuters在计划实施之后不坐bus，也不能代表整个群体people选择bus的人数不会增加