adenosine inhibits the release of neurotransmitters and caffeine affects brain of by countering the activity in the human brain of a naturally occurring chemical called adenosine.两处线索推出答案
A) comma + with = comma + prepositional modifier...modifies the entire previous clause.......which is not correct....it should modify the immediate preceding noun....so we should not use comma + preposition setup.
B) had is incorrect tense.....
C) where is used to modify places.
D) same as A.
E) Correct.
there's also the problem with "if [participle]" -- a modifier that, by convention, refers to the SUBJECT of the sentence (not the proximate noun).
for instance:
Animal 1 will attack animal 2 if injected with enough of the hormones related to aggression.
--> in this sentence it is animal 1, not animal 2, that is being injected with hormones.
if you're talking about concrete objects, you should replace the infinitive with something else. for instance:
* a substance to promote X (incorrect) --> a substance that promotes X (correct)
* a tool to install the shelves (incorrect) --> a tool with which to install the shelves (correct)
a substance to promote... is unidiomatic.
the only context in which i can remember "a NOUN to VERB" is a context in which the NOUN is abstract in nature. for instance:
a way to produce goods
a reason to try harder
note that "substance" is a concrete item; it's not an abstraction like "way" or "reason".
Nors是连词不是副词。 Nor前结构是S+V， Nor后结构也需要平行为S+V； but you should just consider this an idiomatic construction: nor + helping verb + subject. nor + noun + helping verb is never an acceptable construction. never, ever.
the initial modifier, "aware of...", has neither a subject nor a verb, so this is definitely not a run-on
the problem with A is that the adjectival Modifier is wrong here, it reads as if the Taste Test is Conducted WITH the awareness. So it seems as if the opening modifier is modifying the test not the companies.
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如果下列哪一项是正确的，将削弱从文章最后一段所描述的实验中得出的结论的有效性？
【思路点拨】
定位最后一段
这种方法可以有效地控制有害藻类，同时使太阳能池成为最清洁的技术之一，为人类提供能源。
任何能让降低这个方法有效性的因素，都能削弱该结论。
A 沉入池塘底部的藻类细胞在24小时后才被破坏。 无关 方法能让藻类细胞沉到低，杀死藻类就行
B沉到池塘底部的藻类细胞的横向运动没有受到影响。 无关 方法能让藻类细胞沉到低，杀死藻类就行
C人工太阳能池被稀释的水中含有杀死藻类的微生物。 正确 原文提到藻类是在底部遇热死亡的，沉淀在底部，换言之，藻类需要活着才能吸水，下沉。 而微生物杀死了藻类的话，水藻就无法下沉，挡住了阳光的吸收，干扰了太阳池的使用。
D 下沉到池塘底部的藻类细胞实际上是被迅速变化压力杀死的。无关 方法能让藻类细胞沉到低，杀死藻类就行
E 通过蒸发带来的高盐度增加了池塘上层水的透明度。无关
优秀的解释！