老旧题目，弃！
one可以指同物也可以指异物，如：
After walking by the chocolates so many times, Roger finally had to eat one.
Your dictionary is more useful than the one my uncle gave me.
one可以指人，如：The students who are most successful are usually the ones who come to all the classes. 成绩最好的学生往往是出全勤的那些。
The passage discusses a turning point in the late nineteenth century in the history of biology. It then focuses primarily on the use of historical explanation in the field of biology during the nineteenth century. Therefore, it seems that, among the five options here, the one this passage would be most likely to appear in would be a book discussing the history of biology in the nineteenth century.
the turning point was a shift away from historical explanation—the dominant thread in biology throughout most of the nineteenth century—toward experimentation.
The passage states The biologist-as-historian and the general historian of human events dealt with comparable phenomena and assumed necessarily a common mode of explanation. This indicates, in other words, that biologists' and historians' methods were similar in explaining what they believed to be comparable phenomena.
The first paragraph of the passage notes a turning point in the history of biology. In the late nineteenth century, biologists made a shift away from historical explanation of biology.
However, as the passage continues, it addresses the importance of historical explanation in biology throughout the nineteenth century.
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same dimensions 相同尺寸，简称全等