A、is则根据就近修饰原则，定语从句that they may not think is true必然修饰一个最近的单数名词。按照嵌入式关系分句的概念，该句可以还原为：they may not think (that) an opponent is true在逻辑上，它们可能不认为对的，应该是“言论”，而不是“对手”，而is谓语动词单数，就近修饰单数名词opponent“对手”作主语，“对手错”语意错
B、are 谓语动词复数，就近修饰复数名词先行词statements作主语，“言论错”OK
C、从句可以跳跃修饰名词statements，代入先行词则有：they may not think statements to be true. 复合宾语，考查不定式和从句的区别。由于think是看法类动词且属于主动语态，所以约束力较弱，应该用宾语从句，而不能用不定式短语
D、of as，of和as均为介词，放在一起导致了语法错误
E、they may not think (that) it is true.该定语从句中什么成分也不缺少，导致了先行词无法在定语从句中充当任何成分
A、主语是percentage，Holland是状语描述spent动作“花费动作在Holland”语意错
B、they无合理指代对象
C、their无合理指代对象
D、Holland主语，spend谓语动词“花费”percentage of its gross national..；than...spending 前后成分无法平行并列
E、than前后句子并列OK
C:'gathering information' is what the navigators did as they sailed around the earth. so, for the sentence to make sense, the modifier has to describe that whole action.
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第二个错了