题目问题：有的研究人员认为P属于O，这是基于什么假设？
原有材料：O is conscious perception
下面的内容否认P属于O的一种，理由：P are possessed by VNO & VNO与嗅觉系统分离 —>P is unconscious。
因此：只有 P is conscious ，P才属于O，才符合研究员假设
Showing that a cause [that Sonya claims will be producing a certain effect] is not the only cause that [could produce that effect]
表明Sonya说会产生一种影响的原因不是会产生这种影响的唯一原因，真的绕，累了
Zoologists had assumed that females of all phocid species, by contrast, use a fasting strategy in which mother phocids, having accumulated large energy stores before they arrive at breeding sites, fast throughout the entire lactation period,
choice a, so as to reform them目的状语，可以就近修饰的动词是prisoners be held，导致了reform的发出者变成了prisoners，逻辑上不可能是“囚犯自己改造自己”
choice b, advocate prisoners to be held， 从动词约束力来判断，advocate不足以让be held发生，应该用advocate sth / that从句
逻辑上oceans play an essential role in maintaining the conditions for human existence作为主句，moderating temperature和giving pure water作为状语修饰主句作为play an essential role解释说明。三个动词里面moderating和giving应该要保持平行
choice c,d: 主句都是knowledge was instrumental in his development as a writer.
choice c, informing作伴随状语，对于主句起到了一个解释补充说明的作用- 知识在他成长为作家的过程中是极为重要的，体现在知识影响了他的文学风格和小说体裁内容。
choice d, as作为连词可以解释为：当／因为。在这里两个解释为1.同时性 或者 2）因果关系都不合理
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y is the number of even integers from 40 to 60……意思是count the numbers....lol..