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题库 / Prep2007E1-SC-164
One automobile manufacturer has announced plans to increase the average fuel efficiency of its sport utility vehicles by 25 percent over the next five years, amounting to roughly five miles per gallon, and representing the first significant change in the fuel efficiency of any class of passenger vehicle in almost two decades.
amounting to roughly five miles per gallon, and representing
amounting to roughly five miles per gallon, and it would represent
an increase that would amount to roughly five miles per gallon and it would represent
an increase that would amount to roughly five miles per gallon and would represent
which is an increase amounting to roughly five miles per gallon, representing
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关于AB中amounting做伴随
我一直以来，对伴随的理解（逗号+Ving），要么修饰的是主句的主语，也就是主句主语是这个动词ing的逻辑主语，要么这个动词ing修饰的是前面的整个主句。昨天做到这个题目，我上曼哈顿查了一下，有人跟我有一样的想法，发现Ron对这个解释是：it‘s not either/or， it’s both。When you have one of these modifiers, the modifier should modify the action of the preceding clause AND should be pertinent in some way to the subject of that clause.
我想知道，这是什么意思，为什么动词ing同时修饰前面的句子，还跟主语相关。在我的理解里，修饰主语，和修饰整个句子，应该是两件事，为什么同时满足呢？
另外，怎么判断，这个动词ing是修饰前面的整个句子，还是主语呢？
这是个挺好的问题。但首先，一定要搞清楚伴随状语的由来。
相信你看完伴随状语的由来，就能理解为什么又是主语又是修饰动作了。因为原本状语从句就是修饰动作的，所以伴随状语自然就是修饰动作的。又因为伴随状语是一个主语和它的主句主语相同的一个状语从句的简化，所以自然doing的逻辑主语就是主句的主语了。
因此，这两个概念不矛盾，因为它们本身就是伴随状语的两个特点。
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有人知道这里为虾米用would咩？
不表示过去将要，不表示委婉语气，那只能是表示未来不可能发生的虚拟语气咯？所以语意是说话者并不认为汽车厂商的这个25%的增加会实现，这个增加可以达到五里/加仑和史上最大幅度的增加？
这里的would单纯表达的是一种过去的将来时。因为这个plan是在过去announced的，所以，在它announce的时候，这个上升还没有能达到5miles per gallon呢。因此，用了will的过去形式的would。不用想这么多～
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choice a, amounting, presenting作为伴随状语，修饰最近的动词increase。发出者是manufacturer，逻辑错误: manufacturer would amount to ...and represent; choice b错误同此
choice d, 同位语an increase的定语从句 amount , represent修饰increase。correct
A选项错的原因还是伴随状语的逻辑主语不对，manufacturer和plans都不能充当amounting的主语
E uses the relative pronoun "which." As written, its antecedent would be "years" and that makes no sense in the sentence.
C and D fix the problem by introducing "an increase." Now, "amounting to..." is a noun modifier that modifies "an increase." Eliminate A, B, and E.
Between C and D, eliminate C because it introduces an ambiguous pronoun "it." I'd go for D.
Actually, "amounting" is not a tensed verb at all. It's a present participle -- a grammatical object formed from a verb but that can take on a number of grammatical functions. Here, it's being used to start a modifying phrase. The essential question: what is it modifying?
B，语意：it句是独立的句子，与主句生产者宣布计划平行，宣布计划，代表重大改变，二者是有逻辑关系的（计划的内容带来重大改变），不能用and并列；
同时it指代increase这件事情，指代错误
E，representing作状语，就近修饰manufacturer plans to increase the average fuel efficiency 里的increase，但increase的主语是manufacturer，manufacturer不能代表重大的改变，是增加这件事情代表了一个重大改变，E错！
遇到状语还是定语还是并列句，不仅可以从语意来判断，还可以从主语的适当性来判断。
AB修饰的动作是increase，逻辑主语是plan，不对
E的which指代啥都不对
C的话and后面是一个完整的句子，和前面的完整句形成平行，则是manufacturer has announced这句
选项A amounting错误修饰One automobile manufacturer，同理排除AB
From Ron：
第二个and 后面有没有that都对，“as long as you can find the corresponding structure in the other part, then the parallelism is fine”
BC it没有指代对象，E which错误 A representing前不能有and
(A) 现在分词结构在本句中修饰对象不清楚，and前面不应该有逗号，加了逗号使得and representing 没有语法上的平行对象。