In 1995 Richard Stallman, a well-known critic of the patent system, testified in Patent Office hearings that, to test the system, a colleague of his had managed to win a patent for one of Kirchhoff's laws, an observation about electric current first made in 1845 and now included in virtually every textbook of elementary physics.
laws, an observation about electric current first made in 1845 and
laws, which was an observation about electric current first made in 1845 and it is
laws, namely, it was an observation about electric current first made in 1845 and
laws, an observation about electric current first made in 1845, it is
laws that was an observation about electric current, first made in 1845, and is
题目分析:
本题的划线部分究竟是用同位语还是用定语是这道题目的考查重点之一。如果用同位语,则该同位语可以同基尔霍夫定律(Kirchhoff's laws);如果用定语,则由于(B)(E)两个选项的定语从句中的谓语动词均为单数,所以只能修饰基尔霍夫定律之一(one of Kirchhoff's laws)。
选项分析:
A选项:Correct. 本选项结构工整,在逻辑上和语法上均没有问题。
B选项:本选项的最后部分出现了it is,其引导了另外一个句子。但在逻辑上,“第一次出现于1945年”和“现在已经被包括在几乎每一个物理教科书中”应该都是描述基尔霍夫定律的,因此,两者应该保持语法上的平行,需要去掉it is。
另外,选项中的定语从句which was an observation about electric current只能修饰单数先行词one of Kirchhoff's laws,这在逻辑上也不正确。因为,应该是基尔霍夫整个的定律都是一个基于电流的观察且被包含在教课书中,而不是某一个基尔霍夫定律(这会给我们感觉,好像其余的基尔霍夫定语就不被包含在教课书中了)。
C选项:namely是副词而不是连词,所以它不能连接两个句子。
D选项:首先,两个句子a colleague of his had managed to win a patent for one of Kirchhoff's laws和it is now included in virtually every textbook of elementary physics之间没有连词,具有语法错误;其次,it is部分用法错误同(B)。
E选项:that was an observation about electric current是one of Kirchhoff's laws的限定性定语从句,只能修饰单数先行词 one of Kirchhoff's laws,该错误同(B);made和included的平行错误同(B)。
老师,请问E选项,为什么first made in 1845 作定语呢?
it is 是怎么违反了first made和now included之间的平行呢?
根据同位语,an observation是对one of Kirchhoff's laws的补充说明,而不是所有的Laws。基尔霍夫(电路)定律包括基尔霍夫电流定律(KCL)和基尔霍夫电压定律(KVL)。这里只是讲的是有关电流的部分,所以毕老师B选项的“另外”部分的分析值得商榷
老师您不是说同位语从句必须有相同同位吗?我看同位语前面没有observe就把它排除掉了。
不是相同同位,是同等地位。这个词不一定非要一样呀,比如:
I ate cakes, an action that surprised me.
这里的an action就和前面的主句同等地位,也不重复那个eat嘛。
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laws,同位语可以是单数的an oberservation吗?并且一个“观察”可以做“定律”的同位语吗?
基尔霍夫定律有很多条,但是这些定律都是基于对于电流的观察。没人规定同位语的单复数必须和先行词的单复数相同。
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如果A选项的同位语同位的是laws(复数),那为什么后面同位语用的是单数“an oberservation"呢?