In 1995 Richard Stallman, a well-known critic of the patent system, testified in Patent Office hearings that, to test the system, a colleague of his had managed to win a patent for one of Kirchhoff's laws, an observation about electric current first made in 1845 and now included in virtually every textbook of elementary physics.


laws, an observation about electric current first made in 1845 and

laws, which was an observation about electric current first made in 1845 and it is

laws, namely, it was an observation about electric current first made in 1845 and

laws, an observation about electric current first made in 1845, it is

laws that was an observation about electric current, first made in 1845, and is

考题讲解

题目分析:
本题的划线部分究竟是用同位语还是用定语是这道题目的考查重点之一。如果用同位语,则该同位语可以同基尔霍夫定律(Kirchhoff's laws);如果用定语,则由于(B)(E)两个选项的定语从句中的谓语动词均为单数,所以只能修饰基尔霍夫定律之一(one of Kirchhoff's laws)。

选项分析:

A选项:Correct. 本选项结构工整,在逻辑上和语法上均没有问题。

B选项:本选项的最后部分出现了it is,其引导了另外一个句子。但在逻辑上,“第一次出现于1945年”和“现在已经被包括在几乎每一个物理教科书中”应该都是描述基尔霍夫定律的,因此,两者应该保持语法上的平行,需要去掉it is。
另外,选项中的定语从句which was an observation about electric current只能修饰单数先行词one of Kirchhoff's laws,这在逻辑上也不正确。因为,应该是基尔霍夫整个的定律都是一个基于电流的观察且被包含在教课书中,而不是某一个基尔霍夫定律(这会给我们感觉,好像其余的基尔霍夫定语就不被包含在教课书中了)。

C选项:namely是副词而不是连词,所以它不能连接两个句子。

D选项:
首先,两个句子a colleague of his had managed to win a patent for one of Kirchhoff's laws和it is now included in virtually every textbook of elementary physics之间没有连词,具有语法错误;其次,it is部分用法错误同(B)。

E选项:
that was an observation about electric current是one of Kirchhoff's laws的限定性定语从句,只能修饰单数先行词 one of Kirchhoff's laws,该错误同(B);made和included的平行错误同(B)。

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