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题库 / BiChu21-SC-511
The direction in which the Earth and the other solid planets--Mercury, Venus, and Mars--spins were determined from collisions with giant celestial bodies in the early history of the Solar System.
spins were determined from
spins were determined because of
spins was determined through
spin was determined by
spin was determined as a result of
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Ron神解答：
"X is determined by Y" means that Y causes X to be the way that it is.
e.g. some people think that your personality is determined by your genes.
"X is determined from Y" means that you can deduce X by looking at information Y.
e.g. some people think that your personality can be determined from your handwriting.
"X is determined through Y" means that Y is the process used in determining X.
e.g. the effect of most medicinal substances can only be determined through experimentation.