Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
Concerned about the financial well-being of its elderly citizens, the government of Runagia decided two years ago to increase by 20 percent the government-provided pension paid to all Runagians over 65. Inflation in the intervening period has been negligible, and the increase has been duly received by all eligible Runagians. Nevertheless, many of them are no better off financially than they were before the increase, in large part because __________.
they rely entirely on the government pension for their income
Runagian banks are so inefficient that it can take up to three weeks to cash a pension check
they buy goods whose prices tend to rise especially fast in times of inflation
the pension was increased when the number of elderly Runagians below the poverty level reached an all-time high
in Runagia children typically supplement the income of elderly parents, but only by enough to provide them with a comfortable living
情景:由于担心老年人的经济情况,Runagia国政府决定给所有65岁以上的公民增加20%的养老金。但是,在增加了养老金后,很多65岁以上的人并没有比以前过的更好。
答案预估:
直接解释为什么“在增加了养老金后,很多65岁以上的人并没有比以前过的更好”。
选项分析:
A选项:他们的收入全部来自于政府发放的养老金。无论是不是完全依赖养老金,只要养老金变多,理论上他们的经济情况会变好。
B选项:Runagian的银行太没有效率了以至于老人们需要花3周的时间才能得到钱。无论要花都少时间,只要能给,应该就可以让经济条件变好。
C选项:老人们买了通货膨胀中涨的最快的物品。前提中已经提到,通货膨胀可以忽略不计。在逻辑考题中,我们要默认前提是正确的。
D选项: 养老金上涨的时候是Runagian贫穷率最高的时候。同样地,贫穷率是否高都不会影响人们多得钱使得自己的经济状况变好。
E选项:Correct. Runagian国的孩子会给自己的父母以生活补助,但是仅仅是到父母可以有一个很好的生活为止。如果父母的钱由很多部分组成,当某一部分的钱增多的时候,另一部分钱会下降,那么父母的总体钱数不一定会有变化(no better off)。
supplement 补充,孩子只补充老人缺的钱,所以当老人养老金上涨,孩子会减少对老人的补助
错选C:前文已经提到了inflation忽略不计,所以无论涨得多快,也不会影响方案达成目标
增加养老金→老人就会有更多的钱→经济状况就会更好
选项断开了逻辑链 A→B 假设不成立
inflation is negligible !!!!
E:in Runagia children typically supplement the income of elderly parents, but only by enough to provide them with a comfortable living
孩子给的钱是变化的,只要provide them with a comfortable living,就不给了,说明老人的生活水平始终没有啥变化
e:supplement the income
E:如果政府补助多了,孩子给的钱就少了。用来生活的钱的总量是一定的,所以没有过得更好
E 没看到SUPPLEMENT!!!!!!!!!
没看懂 inflation is negligible这句。。。
(e) does a splendid job of this. if the elderly's income is supplemented by their children - up to a FIXED amount ("a comfortable living") - then it makes absolutely no difference how much pension those elderly people are receiving, as long as the pension is less than "a comfortable living". in other words, their children are just going to pay the difference anyway.
只要pension是低于comfortable living的,子女就只会补充中间的一个gap
解释为什么对老年人的退休金增加20%以后,经济状况没有因此好转。
choice d, 补助金增加的时候正是老年人的贫穷率创新高的时候。 irrelevant, 无关increase发生在什么环境之下,只要老年人最后到手的pension比以前多了理论上都可以让经济好转
choice e, 孩子会给父母补助,但仅仅刚够父母生活舒服为止。 correct,pension增加导致了子女的补贴下降。
we must find some factor that will immediately cancel out the effect of the increase,找到一个其他因素可以抵消pension增加带来的benefit,唯一解释就是老年人的收入不止pension还有其他来源
这个。。。为啥政府给得多一点孩子就不会多给了啊
很多时候我觉得我在做脑筋急转弯?
in Runagia children typically supplement the income of elderly parents, but only by enough to provide them with a comfortable living
孩子给的钱是变化的,只要provide them with a comfortable living,就不给了,说明老人的生活水平始终没有啥变化
注意supplement是补给的意思。就是总数是不变的,既然政府给钱了,他们相应给的钱就少了。
不生孩子啦!摔!E的假设太偏门了吧OTZ
你好可爱哈哈哈哈
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通货膨胀可以忽略!!!
E:如果政府补助多了,孩子给的钱就少了。用来生活的钱的总量是一定的,所以没有过得更好
A 相当于对E 正确选项做了提示
B 前提已经说了increase has been duly received by all eligible Runagians.
C 前提已经专门说了inflation低
退休金多了,为什么总收入没有变多(即经济状况没有变好)?
~要么其他支出多了!
~要么其他收入减少了!
Supplement 可以做动词 补充
E 专门说了,儿女的部分不是固定的,只是补充,而且 but only by enough to provide them with a comfortable living
D选项: 养老金上涨的时候是Runagian贫穷率最高的时候。同样地,贫穷率是否高都不会影响人们多得钱使得自己的经济状况变好。
E选项:Correct. Runagian国的孩子会给自己的父母以生活补助,但是仅仅是到父母可以有一个很好的生活为止。本选项提到了方案的可行性,即,如果父母的钱由很多部分组成,当某一部分的钱增多的时候,另一部分钱会下降,那么父母的总体钱数不一定会有变化(no better off),所以本选项可以削弱方案推理。
E选项好难服众啊,assumption太隐晦了。为什么pension提高了子女就一定会降低对父母的生活补助呢?也没有提到子女一定会延续过去“only by enough to provide them with a comfortable living”的习惯。