The violent crime rate (number of violent crimes per 1,000 residents) in Meadowbrook is 60 percent higher now than it was four years ago. The corresponding increase for Parkdale is only 10 percent. These figures support the conclusion that residents of Meadowbrook are more likely to become victims of violent crime than are residents of Parkdale.

The argument above is flawed because it fails to take into account


changes in the population density of both Parkdale and Meadowbrook over the past four years

how the rate of population growth in Meadowbrook over the past four years compares to the corresponding rate for Parkdale

the ratio of violent to nonviolent crimes committed during the past four years in Meadowbrook and Parkdale

the violent crime rates in Meadowbrook and Parkdale four years ago

how Meadowbrook's expenditures for crime prevention over the past four years compare to Parkdale's expenditures

考题讲解

情景:在Meadowbrook地区,严重犯罪率较四年以前上升了40%。在Parkdale地区则只上升了10%。因此,Meadowbrook的居民相对于Parkdale的居民更容易遭受严重的犯罪。

推理:推理文段的前提描述的是两个城市的百分比情况,而结论描述的事件是相关与具体人数的,因此我们需要考虑百分比陷阱。

选题方式:略

选项分析:

A选项:四年中Meadowbrook和Parkdale人口数量的变化。无论两个地区人口数量怎么变化,人口犯罪率的增高还是会导致人更容易受到伤害。因此,本选项仅仅谈及了实际数字,没有谈及实际数字和百分比的关系。

B选项:Meadowbrook人口增长比率和Parkdale人口增长的比率之间的比值是多少。本选项没有提及犯罪率和具体子数字的关系,可以排除。

C选项:四年来Meadowbrook和Parkdale两地严重与不严重犯罪的比例。推理文段被限制在严重犯罪率,并不是严重犯罪和不严重犯罪的比率。

D选项:
Correct. Meadowbrook和Parkdale在四年以前的严重犯罪率是多少。推理文段基于的是前提中给出的相较于以前的增长率,但是前提中并没有给出绝对值,所以如果绝对值比较低的话,也有可能增长率很高。而民众受到伤害要根据绝对值来计算。因此,本选项谈及了百分比的陷阱。

E选项:
Meadowbrook在过去四年的犯罪防治支出情况相比于Parkdale的犯罪防治支出情况。犯罪防治支出和犯罪比率没有关系,可以排除。

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