For similar cars and drivers, automobile insurance for collision damage has always cost more in Greatport than in Fairmont. Police studies, however, show that cars owned by Greatport residents are, on average, slightly less likely to be involved in a collision than cars in Fairmont. Clearly, therefore, insurance companies are making a greater profit on collision-damage insurance in Greatport than in Fairmont.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?


Repairing typical collision damage does not cost more in Greatport than in Fairmont.

There are no more motorists in Greatport than in Fairmont.

Greatport residents who have been in a collision are more likely to report it to their insurance company than Fairmont residents are.

Fairmont and Greatport are the cities with the highest collision-damage insurance rates.

The insurance companies were already aware of the difference in the likelihood of collisions before the publication of the police reports.

考题讲解

情景:机动车保险的成本在Greatport要高于在Fairmont。警察的研究表明,Greatport的人平均来讲比Fairmont更不容易遭到撞击。显然地,在Greatport的保险公司赚走了更多的利润。

推理:

前提:Greatport的汽车碰撞保险费比Fairmont高,相反地,警察研究发现,在Greatport的事故率是要比Fairmont低的
结论:Greatport的保险公司的利润要比Fairmont的保险公司的利润更高

选题方式:因果推理只有一个评估方向,简而言之,即(由于本题问的是假设,所以答案选项需在“取非”后满足),反驳推理文段中的结论。

选项分析:

A选项:Correct. Greatport修理被撞坏的汽车不会比Fairmont更贵。如果Greatport的修理费更贵,那么显然成本更高,可以反驳Greatport的保险公司的利润要比Fairmont的保险公司的利润更高这个结论。原选项将这个说法取非,自然可以加强论证。

B选项:Greatport的汽车驾驶员的数量不会比Fairmont的汽车驾驶员数量多。由于保险公司的成本仅仅和出事故的车辆有联系,所以汽车总数,或者说驾驶员总数不会影响结论的产生。

C选项:Greatport出了碰撞事故的人更有可能汇报自己出了状况。如果Greatport的人更喜欢汇报,那么结论说Greatport的利润高就有可能不成立(虽然出事故的少,但是要它们赔钱的人多),所以本选项可以反驳结论,属于削弱选项。由于原文问的是加强(assumption),所以本选项不是答案。

D选项:
 Greatport和Fairmont是两个最容易出现碰撞事故的地方。本选项描述了两个地方的情况,不涉及结论中的利润内容。

E选项:
保险公司在公布警察调查结果之前就知道发生事故可能的概率。本选项和结论无关。

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