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题库 / GMATLA-CR-98
In 1960's studies of rats, scientists found that crowding increases the number of attacks among the animals significantly. But in recent experiments in which rhesus monkeys were placed in crowded conditions, although there was an increase in instances of "coping" behavior-such as submissive gestures and avoidance of dominant individuals-attacks did not become any more frequent. Therefore it is not likely that, for any species of monkey, crowding increases aggression as significantly as was seen in rats.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
All the observed forms of coping behavior can be found among rhesus monkeys living in uncrowded conditions.
In the studies of rats, nondominant individuals were found to increasingly avoid dominant individuals when the animals were in crowded conditions.
Rhesus monkeys respond with aggression to a wider range of stimuli than any other monkeys do.
Some individual monkeys in the experiment were involved in significantly more attacks than the other monkeys were.
Some of the coping behavior displayed by rhesus monkeys is similar to behavior rhesus monkeys use to bring to an end an attack that has begun.
这题是枚举，可是指出了样本的代表性不足 不应该削弱推断吗，怎么会加强呢
说明这种猴子相比其他猴子更容易受刺激会攻击，这就说明它已经代表了总体中最麻烦最极端的一种，连它都没问题了，任何其他的也就没问题了。
明白了，多谢！crowding 也算是stimuli 的一种，谢谢！
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这种猴子stimuli这么广泛都没有aggression，其他不广泛的猴子更不会aggression了
P说的 是R猴子 C说 任何猴子 加强应该说 R猴子和任何猴子一样，或比其他猴子还更容易受到刺激
已经代表了总体中最麻烦最极端的一种，连它都没问题了，任何其他的也就没问题了
1、实验数据：在rhesus monkey中增加crowding，attack和agression未显著提高
2、需要验证的结论：对于所有物种的猴子，加入crowding都不会增加attack和agression
A.coping behavior行为增加与agression无关
B.讲的是rats，没谈及到monkey，而且也没涉及到agression
C.证明了rhesus monkey这个物种在crowding情况下的反应，已经涵括了一切猴子物种（包含关系）
D.选项干扰了要证明结论的准确性
E.同D
理解选项意思：
C 说明这种猴子相比其他猴子更容易受刺激会攻击，这就说明它已经代表了总体中最麻烦最极端的一种，连它都没问题了，任何其他的也就没问题了。
for any species of monkey! 因此选择C的逻辑就是 R monkeys对攻击行为的反抗是所有其他猴子中最为激烈（Coping行为。。。）的了，即暗示其它猴子更加不可能增加攻击性
注意题干是“for any species of monkey”,样本不可以推到整体，既然是加强，那就找到样本和整体的关系
to strengthen the conclusion that it is not likely that, for any species of monkeys, crowding increases aggression as significantly as was seen in rats, 需要其他种类的猴子和实验中的rhesus monkey 进行对比, 最好的对比主题是“aggression”.
没看懂c的意思，c的意思是相比于任何的猴子，R猴子会在更大范围的刺激中表现出攻击性
说明r是猴子中最受不得刺激的
+1~
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样本R代替总体→样本R的代表性要加强
样本怎么可以代表整体？？做题时候想了这个问题，但是没有读懂C
注意结论里面提到，for any species of monkey，Rhesus猴子具有比较强的代表性就可以strengthen。
样本R是否能代表所有Monkey？
加强——样本很具有代表性
削弱——样本不具有代表性
注意：样本与整体的关系。
从样本的结论推整体的结论的时候一定要证明/提出样本为啥可以代表整体
注意结论主语是any species of monkey，所以是枚举推理，C指出文中提到的样本rhesus monkeys与其他猴子的区别。
样本／枚举推理－mark
如果能判断出是枚举推理，可以很快找到答案选项。