题库 / Prep2012-CR-20
Public health official: Some researchers suspect that magnetic fields from high-voltage power lines can cause health problems for people who live especially near the lines. However, this is extremely unlikely: Beyond a distance of a few feet, the strength of the magnetic fields from high-voltage power lines is less than the average strength of magnetic fields in homes that are not located near such lines.
GMAC主张了此真题版权，我们仅能展示部分内容以供查询定位。获取使用帮助请添加微信小助手：Which of the following would it be most useful to establish in order to evaluate the public health argument?
Whether magnetic fields in homes that are not located near high-voltage power lines can cause health problems for the residents of those homes
What proportion of people who live near high-voltage power fines believe that those fines may cause health problems
Whether high-voltage power lines are routed near residential in urban areas
What specific diseases or conditions are suspected by some researchers to result from exposure to magnetic fields from high-voltage power lines
What is the average strength of magnetic fields in workplaces that are not located near high-voltage power lines
扫描二维码，直接登录
类比题：此题类似于OG题目（原文：教室内in the classroom的儿童 use 电脑 → 导致手腕受伤；选项：控制control group -- 教室外outside the classroom的儿童）
Some researchers suspect that magnetic fields from high-voltage power lines can cause health problems for 【people who live especially near the lines ①近】.
However 然而, this is extremely unlikely: Beyond a distance of a few feet, the strength of the magnetic fields from high-voltage power lines is less than the average strength of magnetic fields in 【homes that are not located near such lines ②远】.
文章出现两个对照组：【people who live especially near the lines ①近】 v.s. 【homes that are not located near such lines ②远】
问题：找前提P
选项里Whether：回答Yes→有效；回答no→无效。
选项A：控制另一个对照组control group（√），限定条件（包括时间、地点……）--秒选
Whether magnetic fields in 【homes that are not located near high-voltage power lines ②远】can cause health problems for the residents of those homes
错选的D，exposure 和 near还是有区别的，有点偷换概念
A最开始觉得没关，但如果家里面的mag可以造成健康危害，那么near line的就有可能；如果家里的没有危害，near line就不会有危害-->这个是典型的evaluate
B人的believe没有关系
C urban or not，只要有人就不行
D Workplace跟urban一个概念
cr
evaluate题，类比assumption题，结论句中提到的词组是重点关注对象
“Beyond a distance of a few feet, the strength of the magnetic fields from high-voltage power lines is less than （the average strength of magnetic fields in homes that are not located near such lines.）” 跟它对比的是不是也有健康问题？
换成assumption问题的话，那么这个人的假设就是没在附近的居民不会有健康问题
the strength of the magnetic fields from high-voltage power lines is less than the average strength of magnetic fields in homes. E说的是workplace没啥关系
因为在几个英尺内，高压电线的磁场强度低于不在这个范围的普通家庭的磁场强度。-> 高压线的磁场不太可能造成健康问题。问评价
choice a, 那种不在高压线附近的家庭内的磁场强度是否可以造成健康问题。correct
健康官员：一些研究者怀疑高压线磁场影响附近居民健康。结论：超过几尺距离，高压线磁场强度（甲）少于不靠高压线的家庭磁场强度（乙）。A：那么（乙）是否有害健康？你说：甲有害健康，我答：甲比乙小。所以是否有害，要看是否乙是不是有害健康！
This argument assumes that magnetic fields in homes far from the fines do not cause health problems and that people who live near the lines do not spend much time within a few feet of them. Therefore, look for an answer option that indicates whether one or both of these assumptions is correct.
首先得找到argument是什么。然后再评价。
P:超过一定距离后，高压电磁场比远离高压电的房屋中的电磁场还小
c:住在高压电线附近的人不可能由于电磁场产生健康问题
A选项否定：远离高压线的都不会产生健康问题，加强结论。
虽然选了A，但只是矮子里面挑高的。。。还是觉得很牵强。
This argument assumes that magnetic fields in homes far from the fines do not cause health problems and that people who live near the fines do not spend much time within a few feet of them. Therefore, look for an answer option that indicates whether one or both of these assumptions is correct.
Reasoning：What additional evidence would most help determine whether magnetic fields from high-voltage power lines cause health problems for people who live near the lines? The public health official argues that power lines’ magnetic fields
probably do not cause health problems beyond a few feet from the lines, because those magnetic fields are weaker than magnetic fields usually are in homes far from such fines.
目的是evaluate the public health argument，找出能够对目的进行影响的选项。
fines 应该lines。 看到一头雾水的，后来才发现应该lines。另外本题是评估，不是加强。A项问的是房间内的磁场强度是否对人有伤害，如果没有伤害，那么肯定没问题。如果有伤害，需要进一步评估。所以很完美啊！
不知道是不是这么理解 答案A 是给了是否能削弱或者加强 因为如果远距离的高压磁场的人也有health problem 就削弱了是高压磁场给人带来health problem 一个方面的可能性。
感觉a是错的，超过一定距离的高压线磁场既然比home磁场弱，应该讨论的是更弱的的那个有没有危害，讨论更强的有什么意义啊？就好比说，天气热会使企鹅灭绝，南非比南极热，结论是南极会有企鹅，但是如果问以下哪个因素能评估企鹅生存，肯定不是讨论南非的温度是否能让企鹅生存以此来得到南极能让企鹅生存的
是不够严谨，但只能选择最佳答案
本题是评估，不是加强。A项问的是房间内的磁场强度是否对人有伤害，如果没有伤害，那么肯定没问题。如果有伤害，需要进一步评估。所以很完美啊！
人们会在家里长时间停留，但是并不会在高压电线附近长时间待着，（待的时间越长，危害就越大）如果家里的较高强度的磁场对人们都没有危害的话，那么较低强度的，并且人们不常待的磁场影响就更小了。如果有影响的话，那么就需要另做评估了。
登录 或 注册 后可以参加讨论
因果推理。对啦。
对啦 变量控制。
高压电导致－土地不结实－导致人们生病
因果