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题库 / Prep2007E2-SC-1
Since the start of the space age, more and more littering has occurred in orbits near Earth, often because the intentional discarding of lens caps, packing material, fuel tanks, and payload covers.
more and more littering has occurred in orbits near Earth, often because
orbits near Earth have become more and more littered, often from
orbits near Earth became littered more and more, often resulting from
there have been more and more littering of orbits near Earth, often because of
there had been littering more and more of orbits near Earth, often with
题目分析：
本题的意思是：自从人类有能力发生卫星，在地球的轨道周边就开始有越来越多的垃圾，经常是来自于某些有意丢掉的油箱什么的。
选项分析：
A选项：语法有误。最后一个词because是连词，其身后必须连接一个句子，不能是一个名词短语。
B选项：Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。
C选项：often resulting from the intentional discarding of lens caps, packing material, fuel tanks, and payload covers是一个现在分词短语。在语法上，句末出现的现在分词短语通常都是伴随状语。因此，result的主语只能是其所修饰的句子的主语orbits。在逻辑上，“轨道”不能是“有意丢掉油箱等废物”的结果。
D选项：there be句型的核心词是“有”。即，本句主干的意思是：
这里有很多垃圾。
在逻辑上，“有意丢掉油箱”结果应该是“地球轨道周围变得越来越脏”，而不是“这里有很多垃圾”。（只有地球周边会变得垃圾越来越多，因为故意丢弃的东西都是地球人弄出的东西）
E选项：本选项错误同(D)。
Ron：
you can't use 'resulting from' as an adverbial modifier, as is done here. in general, 'resulting from' is only used as an adjective modifier, almost always without a comma, as in
the pollution resulting from the chemical spill forced all the local residents to evacuate.
A，becaus后面只能接句子
C，you can't use 'resulting from' as an adverbial modifier, as is done here. in general, 'resulting from' is only used as an adjective modifier, almost always without a comma, as in
the pollution resulting from the chemical spill forced all the local residents to evacuate.
DE：there is nothing wrong with saying 'there is x'. this construction is basically equivalent to 'x exists' (if x is a thing), or 'x happens' (if x is an event).
the problem, though, is that "the intentional discarding of lens caps, packing material , fuel tanks and payload covers" IS the "littering".
so, sentences D and E are not logical.
because of' must be followed by SOMETHING ELSE that is actually the cause of something.
'with' should be followed by a component or part of the previous observation.
note that the correct answer is phrased in a way that removes this problem.
the correct answer says "orbits ... have become more and more littered". in this version, "littered" means roughly the same as 'dirty' or 'polluted'.
关于there be ron的回答：
there is nothing wrong with saying 'there is x'. this construction is basically equivalent to 'x exists' (if x is a thing), or 'x happens' (if x is an event).
the problem, though, is that "the intentional discarding of lens caps, packing material , fuel tanks and payload covers" IS the "littering".
so, sentences D and E are not logical.
because of' must be followed by SOMETHING ELSE that is actually the cause of something.
'with' should be followed by a component or part of the previous observation.
note that the correct answer is phrased in a way that removes this problem.
the correct answer says "orbits ... have become more and more littered". in this version, "littered" means roughly the same as 'dirty' or 'polluted'.
B：when a prepositional phrase follows a comma, as does '...from the intentional discarding' here, yes, it functions as an adverbial modifier. therefore, the modifier in question modifies the action of the preceding clause (have become more and more littered).
同意lizzyfly对于C选项的解释“-ing表示伴随的动作或伴随的结果，resulting from接原因，两种情况都不符合，不能做伴随状语，只能做定语”
同样，伴随状语是修饰主句的动词，并非修饰名词
B介宾短语作定语; C逗号+doing是状语
-ing表示伴随的动作或伴随的结果，resulting from接原因，两种情况都不符合，不能做伴随状语，只能做定语
D/E：there be做主语，orbits变成了定语修饰littering，位于第二层。从表达逻辑上来说，orbits作为被污染的对象，是语意的重点，应该放在第一层。
A的话是因为becasue 后面跟句子
CE排除是因为我觉得since跟着现在完成时比较合理吧，应该也是想说这个状态现在都还有 所以had+pp和became都表达不出这个意思
D句子变成了有越来越多的xxx
In #C there's no NOUN that serves as the focus of the modifier 'resulting from...' (an adjective-type modifier). It's intended to modify the general idea that the orbits have become littered, but there's no NOUN that signifies the littering.
#D has the same problem as #A ('because' is wrong).
Choice A doesn't convey the right meaning. If I say that littering occurred 'because of' the intentional discarding of those items, that implies that the intentional discarding WASN'T the actual littering. Instead, it means that the intentional discarding set into motion a chain of events that LED to the littering.
1. 句首since the start of the space age表示从过去开始持续到现在的时间，因而主句的谓语动词应使用现在完成时，由此排除C/E；
2. A：often because中Because是连词，后面需接完整的句子，而不是名词短语。because of + 名词短语。排除A；
3. C：除应使用现在完成时外，littered more and more应该是more and more littered。而often resulting from做状语，修饰前面整个句子，解释为什么会more and more littered，是正确的修饰。
4. D：littering of orbits near Earth中of应是in，表示在orbits near Earth中存在越来越多litter。此外，there be举行是“有...”的意思，违背了原句“orbit越来越脏”的逻辑意思，排除D；
5. E：E选项在时态、语法和逻辑意义上都存在很大问题，排除E；
6. B：正确选项，前半句好理解，而后半句是见得较少的，需学习此种用法。
B：因为丢垃圾，地球周围的轨道变得越来越脏。 D：因为丢垃圾，这里有越来越多（地球周围的）轨道的垃圾。
mark
orbits became littered more and more, often resulting from discarding.
还原为：orbits became littered more and more；orbits often result from discarding.
如果要表示事情起源于，句型应该是：That orbits became littered more and more often results from discarding.
littering 乱丢废物
d不能说因为垃圾所以这里有很多垃圾。
b用from对
A because of B 表示B led to A, 可以理解为先发生了b，之后发生了a，这两件事是独立的，是不同的事情
可以说：more littering has occurred because of the lax enforcement of laws against littering.
不能说： more littering has occurred because people have been throwing bottles along the side of the road。人们在路边扔瓶子和垃圾越来越多是一件事情。
D，
这里有越来越多的轨道附近的垃圾和这些国际废弃物，比如……也是一件事情，不能用because of修饰
句首since the start of the space age表示从过去开始持续到现在的时间，因而主句的谓语动词应使用现在完成时，由此排除C/E
句首since the start of the space age表示从过去开始持续到现在的时间，因而主句的谓语动词应使用现在完成时，由此排除C/E
核心词“有” 不能很好的体现后句因果，核心词“变得”才能更好的体现与故意丢弃东西的因果关系
选项D和E可以排除，因为这些废弃的垃圾使得地球变得更脏，而there be句型一般表示存在的事实，没有变化的含义。