To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic determinants of fertility.
have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic
have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical
would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical
would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic
would have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic
题目分析:
本题具有比较词more…than…。
选项分析:
A选项:比较对象不正确,我们应该比较的是不同时间的两件事,而不是两个时间(now)。
B选项:economic和economical的意思不同,前者是“经济”的意思,后者是“节约的”意思,在逻辑上,和“社会(social)”产生并列关系的应该是“经济”,而不是“节约的”。
C选项:economic和economical错误同(B)。
D选项:Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。
E选项:比较对象不正确错误同(A)。
than 前后应有相同成分,就这题而言,前面应有时间状语,后面才能直接跟now
know a great deal in the future than now
否则的话就可以理解为比较对象不一致
如果要省略they know 前面也要有同样的they know, 而前面的成分是have to know 补到后面意思不对
——句意——
1)比较错误
D:would 【have to know】 a great deal more than 【they do now】 about the social and economic,比较对象为【不同时间下的两件事】✔
E:would 【have to know】 a great deal more than 【now】 about the social and economic,比较对象为时间❌
由于前句没有时间状语,后句只能被理解成为【now】,而并不能理解为【省略了谓语动词】
mark-比较
than 前后应有相同成分,就这题而言,前面应有时间状语,后面才能直接跟now
know a great deal in the future than now
否则的话就可以理解为比较对象不一致
如果要省略they know 前面也要有同样的they know, 而前面的成分是have to know 补到后面意思不对
economic和economical的意思不同,前者是“经济”的意思,后者是“节约的”意思
1.措辞,economical(实惠的)错,BC错
2.比较More than,后面直接接now是不对的,比较对象不明确,
只有在more than前面也有时间状语的时候,可以直接接now,省略前面的主句
AE错。
would have to表示可能,没有have to那么肯定,这里ok的,也不是考点。区别就在economical意思
Ron:that doesn't work, because "they know" isn't in the first part. if a construction can be omitted, then the same construction should exist elsewhere in the sentence. here, it doesn't; the omitted portion would be assumed to correspond to "demographers have to know", which doesn't make any sense.
题干想表达的意思是他们必须比现在知道的更多,但是如果省略they do意思就变成了必须比不得不知道的知道的更多,不合理,排除AE
Ron:that doesn't work, because "they know" isn't in the first part. if a construction can be omitted, then the same construction should exist elsewhere in the sentence. here, it doesn't; the omitted portion would be assumed to correspond to "demographers have to know", which doesn't make any sense.
比较的是前后的事,不是比较的时间。
这道题的破题店不应该是would和have,而应该简单地只用economic和economical,以及比较对象是否合理来区分
平行或比较时主语和谓语动词能否省略,取决于将前句的谓语动词+谓语动词的时态/语态(是否有情态动词)/肯定否定式平移过来后,被省略句的逻辑是否合理。
A,省略后变成they have to know now,错误,是现在已知的,不是现在不得不知的;would在这里是表示可能性的虚拟语气,保留能更好地表意
would have to know是不很肯定的语气,其表达的是have to do的内容只是一个假设,并不是真的"必须",而have to表达的意思是,要做的事情非常重要,"必须"去做。在本题中两种含义都合理,因此没有必要做这样的区分
+1
do指代的是know,如果不加they do,变成have to know a great deal more than they have to now,语意应该是“比现在知道的要多”,而不是“比现在不得不知道的要多”,所以they do不能省略。
would可以表示意愿及可能。
a great deal可以做副词,修饰more,类似于much more
如果要用助动词来省略性表达前面出现过的一个谓语动词,被省略句子必须与前面句子的时态一致。如果两者的时态不一致,后面的从句不能用省略表达。
eg.:
Right: I have never seen an aardvark, but my father has.
Wrong: I have never seen an aardvark, but last year my father have.
Right: I have never seen an aardvark, but last year my father saw one.
除非不会导致歧义,如:
Our cars were designed to inspire envy, and they do.
不同时间状语下物体性质than的比较,前句有时间状语时,后句可以省略只保留时间状语;前句没有时间状语时,后句需要补出主谓(可以使用助动词等省略式),以避免比较对象上的歧义。如果前句隐含的时间是now等,后句也可以省略只保留时间状语。后句使用了比较对象+助动词时,其时态与前句是不一样的,是可以的。
would have to know是不很肯定的语气,其表达的是have to do的内容只是一个假设,并不是真的"必须",而have to表达的意思是,要做的事情非常重要,"必须"去做。在本题中两种含义都合理,因此没有必要做这样的区分
关于have to的省略:
have to是情态动词,表语气不得不,但不同于must/can等情态动词,have to有人称和时态变化,否定式是don't have to,其省略式用助动词do;
have/has done里,have是助动词,表时态,其省略式直接用have/has,不用助动词do,sb have done sth as other people has
状语比较的时候,可以省略than后面整个主句,不管时态是否一致。
Eg:
Scientists have gathered evidence suggesting that complex life-forms emerged much earlier than previously thought.
than previously thought (when they emerged)
时间状语的比较,能否省略取决于than前面是否有相应的时间状语。有则than后面主句可以省略;没有则than后面需要补出主谓,以避免比较对象上的歧义。
Eg:
Right: Prices are only 1.3 percent higher this year than last year.
Wrong: Prices are only 1.3 percent higher this year than last year's.
would委婉;
economical 节约的 节约的 经济适用的
economic 经济的 经济的 经济的 牛逼经济的
一定一定还是要注意economic和economical的区别 含以上的