Concerns about public health led to the construction between 1876 and 1904 of three separate sewer systems to serve metropolitan Boston.
Concerns about public health led to the construction between 1876 and 1904 of three separate sewer systems to serve
Concerns about public health have led to the construction of three separate sewer systems between 1876 and 1904 to serve
Concerns about public health have led between 1876 and 1904 to the construction of three separate sewer systems for serving
There were concerns about public health leading to the construction between 1876 and 1904 of three separate sewer systems serving
There were concerns leading between 1876 and 1904 to the construction of three separate sewer systems for serving
题目分析:
本题中的there be句型没有问题,虽然(A)(B)(C)和(D)(E)的意思不同,但是此两者均没有逻辑的错误,不能作为排除的方式。
选项分析:
A选项:Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。
B选项:本选项中between 1876 and 1904短语放在了three separate sewer systems的身后,由于定语的就近修饰原则,所以其修饰的是three separate sewer systems,而不是construction。在逻辑上,应该是三个排污系统与1876年至1904年被建造,而不是系统本身在1876年至1904年(建造好之后,这个系统应该会用一段时间,不止用28年吧)。
C选项:本选项中between 1876 and 1904变为了have led的状语。但是,由于have led是现在完成时,所以应该表示“到现在为止”,而不是仅在过去的某个时间,所以此处是矛盾的;另外,介词短语for serving应改为不定式短语to serve,这点考查了不定式和ing的区别,用之于本题,主句“担心引起三个排污系统的建造”的发生会直接影响“排污系统服务于波士顿”的发生,即,是建造了三个排污系统使得了这三个排污系统能服务于波士顿,因此,应该用不定式短语。
D选项:ing短语serving应改为不定式短语to serve同选项(C)。
E选项:for serving错误同(C)。
在A/B中短暂纠结:这个between 1876 and 1904这段时间,应该是修建水道的时间 还是水道服役的时间?
通过年份判断,那么18XX年科技有限,28年的时间应该是用来修建水道,而水道不止服役28年。所以选A
C. for serving是介词,没有逻辑主语,不能判断是不是水道serve
D/E 句子主干是这里有concern,改变了A选项的语义。其次for serving是介词,没有逻辑主语问题同c
1.逻辑推理,修饰词between 1876 and 1904的位置,
B的systems between 1876 and 1904
C的led between 1876 and 1904
E的leading between 1876 and 1904
都不太好,应该离construction最近才符合句意。BCE相对不好。
2.措辞,to serve 和for serving
应该用to才对,表示construction的目的是为了serve,CE错
3.句意推理,这句话是想表明这里有concerns?
应该是想说,concerns导致了constructions。DE错
4.动词时态,B的have lead时态不对,穿越了。BC错
选项中between 1876 and 1904变为了have led的状语。但是,由于have led是现在完成时,所以应该表示“到现在为止”,而不是仅在过去的某个时间,所以此处是矛盾的;另外,介词短语for serving应改为不定式短语to serve,这点考查了不定式和ing的区别,用之于本题,主句“担心引起三个排污系统的建造”的发生会直接影响“排污系统服务于波士顿”的发生,即,是建造了三个排污系统使得了这三个排污系统能服务于波士顿,因此,应该用不定式短语。
选项A(√)
Concerns about public health led to the construction 【between 1876 and 1904 --就近修饰construction】of three separate sewer systems to serve metropolitan Boston.
出于对公共卫生的担忧,三个独立的下水道系统在【1876 年至 1904 年间】的建设,为波士顿大都市提供服务。
通过年份判断,那么18XX年科技有限,28年的时间应该是用来修建水道,而水道不止服役28年。
选项B (×)
Concerns about public health 【have led (×)】to the construction of three separate sewer systems 【between 1876 and 1904 (×)】 to serve metropolitan Boston.
lead发生在过去,不应该用现在时态(现在完成时) ; have lead表示了concern至今依然持续;
Between 1876 and 1904:就近修饰sewer systems ,改变修饰对象有修饰systems的歧义,意思变成了systems只有在1876和1904年之间存在
between 1876 and 1904短语放在了three separate sewer systems的身后,修饰了three separate sewer systems,而不是construction。
construction对serve有直接影响关系,要用to do!不能用ing也不能用从句
construction of three separate sewer systems
既然是of,中心词应该就是construction, 那between 1876 and 1904也可以修饰construction吧?
可以是可以的,但A better,B还是会有歧义
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本题主要考点是 between 1876 and 1904的修饰对象,逻辑上应该是construction比较合适。
就近修饰
本题主要考点是 between 1876 and 1904的修饰对象,逻辑上应该是construction比较合适。
B选项:本选项中between 1876 and 1904短语放在了three separate sewer systems的身后,由于定语的就近修饰原则,所以其修饰的是three separate sewer systems,而不是construction。在逻辑上,应该是三个排污系统与1876年至1904年被建造,而不是系统本身在1876年至1904年(建造好之后,这个系统应该会用一段时间,不止用28年吧)。
定语的修饰对象!
定语的就近修饰原则
1、注意定语就近修饰原则:
B选项:本选项中between 1876 and 1904短语放在了three separate sewer systems的身后,由于定语的就近修饰原则,所以其修饰的是three separate sewer systems,而不是construction。在逻辑上,应该是三个排污系统与1876年至1904年被建造,而不是系统本身在1876年至1904年(建造好之后,这个系统应该会用一段时间,不止用28年吧)。
2、there be句型 需注意
本题中的there be句型没有问题,虽然(A)(B)(C)和(D)(E)的意思不同,但是此两者均没有逻辑的错误,不能作为排除的方式。
ron: The incorrect use of the perfect tense in B is a deal breaker. This happened over 100 years ago!
the construction between 1876 and 1904 of three separate sewer systems ,between 1876 and 1904插入在the construction of内,其就近修饰construction。这是英语常用的表达手法
led to the construction of three separate sewer systems to serve Boston,to做定语,修饰system,system的存在与否可以决定serve的发生与否,可以用to
[修饰、不定式]
A选项:between and修饰了construction✅
B选项:between and修饰了three separate sewer systems,这个系统应该是一直存在的,不可能只维持了一段时间❌
CDE选项:serve表目的,用to do
B:have led没有明显时态标志,between 1876 and 1904就近修饰排水系统有歧义:应该是construction between 这个时间段才合理
"to serve" is better than "serving", because
* "to serve" implies a sense of purpose or intention (which is precisely what is to be conveyed here), and
* "serving" implies that the systems were already serving boston at the time when they were being constructed.
D:the main skeleton of the sentence is "there were concerns", which is NOT the main point. in choice (a), the main skeleton is "concerns led to the construction", which IS the main point.
analogy:
humans walk on two legs. --> meaning: all humans (or at least all normal humans) walk on two legs.
there are humans that walk on two legs. --> there are at least some.
注意:there be有时候是在强调后面noun的存在性
过去时间用过去式
DE 表示目的应该用to do E between将lead to隔开了