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题库 / Prep2008E2-SC-235
On account of a law passed in 1933, making it a crime punishable by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold gold in the form of bullion or coins, immigrants found that on arrival in the United States they had to surrender all of the gold they had brought with them.
On account of a law passed in 1933, making it a crime punishable by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold
With a law passed in 1933 that makes it a crime punishable by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold
A law passed in 1933 that made it a crime punishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen holding
Because of a law passed in 1933 making it a crime punishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen to hold
Due to a law being passed in 1933 that makes it a crime punishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen to hold
题目分析：
本题的划线部分很长，而且意思较难看懂，这里先做一个翻译：
由于一个通过与1993年的法律（该法律内容为：美国公民以金条或金币的方式持有金子是一种犯法的行为），移民们发现，在他们到达美国的时候，他们必须要扔掉自己身上所有的金子。
选项分析：
A选项：本选项最大的错误在于make的真正宾语。语法上看起来是代词it，但实际上这是一个形式主语，指代身后的从句that a United States citizen hold gold in the form of bullion or coins。虽然在语法上正确，但这在逻辑上是错误的。这点考查了“不定式和从句的区别”。用之于本题，由于make的约束力很强，所以身后的宾语只能用不定式的形式（for sb. to do sth是不定式的复合结构）。
B选项：首先，with引导的短语可以理解为一个独立主格的形式，也可以表达和后半句的因果关系，这点没有错误。错误依然出现在make的宾语上，该错误同(A)。
C选项：本选项也可以理解为一个独立主格的形式，没有错误。但是，for a United States citizen holding gold应改为不定式的复合结构for a United States citizen to hold gold。这点考查了不定式和ing的区别。用之于本题，由于make的约束力很强，所以身后的宾语只能用不定式的形式。
D选项：Correct.本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。
E选项：being passed in 1933中的being突出了pass事件和found事件（主句）的同时性，但，这两个事件并不是同时发生的，而是法律先被通过，然后移民才会发现自己必须扔掉金子。因此，being必须删掉。
1.idiom:make it adj./n. (for sb.) to do,ABC错
2.主谓一致，AB错，hold
3.逻辑推理，with的逻辑主语是immigrants,逻辑错误,C错
4.E.由于due to放在句首有引导形容词短语的歧义，在GMAT中不放在句首，而且being成了同时发生的事，意思也不对，E错
C 独立主格可表示因果。但是it 为形式宾语，后面的内容应该是for sb to do sth. Holding 分词作定语，变成 make citizen a crime. 错
考察：
because of （because of在gmat中考察的挺多，而且很多时候都是正确选项，看来because of用途是很广的）/on account of；句意； make+形式主语，
前：on account of 由于/because of在这里都是正确的，不是错误点，不用过度纠结
后：
making it a crime for citizens to hold gold
making it a crime that citizens hold gold
to do约束力比较强应该使用，make it a crime to do sth；make it a crime （for sb） to do sth; it 都是to do的形式主语。
* we laughed all day because of tony walking into the girls' bathroom --> incorrect, because the verb (walking into the bathroom) is the reason why we were laughing all day.
* estelle was afraid to move because of a spider sitting on the wall --> correct, because estelle is afraid because of the spider itself, not because of the spider's sitting on the wall.
a, b, c can all be eliminated because of improper idiomatic usage: the proper idiom is '...a crime for blah blah blah to hold...'
'with' in choice b is also bad: it seems to imply that immigrants arrived with the law in their hands.
choice c implies that the immigrants themselves are 'a law passed in 19xx' (analogy: 'an accomplished pianist, jay made a nice living playing at weddings' - jay is an accomplished pianist. same reading applies to this sentence, although it's considerably longer and more difficult to parse)
--
choice d doesn't do that: it writes 'because of a law', where 'a law' is definitely a noun. (the subsequent modifier 'making it a crime...' modifies 'law', and is not associated with 'because of')
--
choice e changes the meaning of the sentence: taken literally, it says that the immigrants found themselves in this unenviable situation not because of the law itself, but because of the passage of the law. although somewhat plausible, this is not the intent of the original sentence.
E due to 只有 xx is due to xx 一种用法，排除；
剩下ABCD，
A-making it a crime punishable ，逻辑主语是 immigrants 显然不对；
B-With a law passed in 1933，逻辑主语是 immigrants 显然不对；
我在CD中犹豫了一下，猜测考点应该是不定式（GMAT老头可爱用不定式了）
it 是形式主语，make sb to do sth，果断选D。
it was a crime for US citizens to hold gold.
ABC是improper idiom. 正确的是 a crime for ... to hold...; ②B中的with错误地imply了伴随的含义; ③E项改变了原意，是law的影响不是passage of the law
Because of a law passed in 1933 making……，making跳跃了passed in 1933修饰law，因为passed在这里也是定语，而不是谓语动词，所以跳过它去修饰先行词是可以的。
D/E：a law that makes和a law making结构是一样的，差异在E的a law being passed in 1933，being done强调同时性，这里没有必要，用a law passed就可以表达出被动式的定语修饰语。
because of a law making的主体是law，因为这个法律，移民们不得不，正确；如果改成because of a law's making,主体是making，因为使……，所以移民们不得不，错误。
正确选项中it指代的是to hold gold in the form of bullion or coins这件事
语法上看起来是代词it，但实际上这是一个形式主语，指代身后的从句that a United States citizen hold gold in the form of bullion or coins。
因为法律规定，所以他们发现……，逻辑不够好；应该是他们发现：因为法律规定，所以他们不能……
不过B with引导独立主格，“伴随着法律规定……，他们发现”，表达的逻辑关系与“因为法律规定，所以他们发现……”是一样的，并不会因为没有因果逻辑连词bacause等就有改变。
E，a law passed in 1933, making sth a crime ，这里making更有可能会指向1993而不是law，定语的跳跃修饰似乎不能跳过谓语动词，如：
W：A law was passed in 1993, which make sth a crime, 这里which不能跳过passed做定语修饰law
R：A law in 1993 making sth a crime was passed,making可以跳过介宾修饰law。
从句和to do的区别：to do代表状态的转换，相对于从句的谓语动词，to do表示动作尚未发生，如：
She has lots of homework to do tonight.(作业还没做）
Have you got something to eat?（这些东西还没被吃掉）
A，The law makes that a United States citizen hold gold a crime
D, The law makes to hold gold for a United States citizen a crime，for sb引入to do的发起者
携带黄金既然已经是违法行为，可以预见人们并不会去做这件事情，所以用to do比用一般现在时的从句好。
Because of结构后面并不是不能跟名词，而是那个直接后续的名词必须能表达出"原因"，使得即便去掉noun.后面的所有修饰成分，仅仅because of noun, S.V.O.逻辑上也能够非常直接没有问题
AB：主谓不一致
make it adj. for...to do【考的是不定式的特点】
A making做伴随状语修饰前面整个句子，不恰当
B it seems to imply that immigrants arrived with the law in their hands.
C implies that the immigrants themselves are 'a law passed in 19xx'
E due to不能用caused by替换
m
Because of a law passed in 1933 making it a crime punishable by imprisonment 这种说法也对
ac中
on account of 由于
a law 应该是make 的主语，a中make前不应该加逗号，否则逻辑主语有问题
要么说a law passed in 1933 making it a crime
要么说On account of a law passed in 1933 making it a crime，后面immigrants found也是基于making的动作，而不单单是这个law，如果a，那么making成了单纯修饰成分，句意变成了law是主要原因以至于immigrants found...
1. a United States citizen hold 主谓不一致，淘汰AB； 2. being passed in 1933 错误淘汰E；3. for a United States citizen to hold 淘汰C，A law （passed in 1933）过去分词修饰LAW（ that made it a crime ...) 定语从句修饰LAW，两个定语，短的在前，长的在后，that跳跃修饰，没有问题。但是，英语中，这样的跳跃修饰，前面短的修饰短语往往会和后面用逗号隔开区分。