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题库 / GMATLA-SC-108
Most of Portugal's 250,000 university students boycotted classes in a one-day strike to protest a law that requires them to contribute $330 a year toward the cost of higher education, previously paying $7 per year.
year toward the cost of higher education, previously paying $7 per year
year toward the cost of higher education, for which was previously paid $7 per year
year, compared to the previously $7 per year, toward the cost of higher education
year toward the cost of higher education, instead of the $7 per year required previously
year as opposed to the $7 per year required previously for the cost of higher education
题目分析：
略
选项分析：
A选项：现在分词短语previously paying $7 per year是伴随状语，其需要就近修饰一个句子，本选项中即，a law requires them to contribute $330 a year toward the cost of higher education。由于伴随状语的主语必然同其所修饰的句子主语相同，所以pay的主语为a law。在逻辑上，支付学费的是学生，而不是法律。
B选项：for which was previously paid $7 per year是非限定性定语从句。介词加which的形式要求先行词在从句中充当状语，例如：
a time in which I was 6
将先行词a time代入定语从句中，则有：
I was 6 in a time.
正是由于这个特点，介词+which引导的定语从句中必须有主语（先行词只能做状语，所以如果没有主语，那么定语从句中就缺少主语了）。
C选项：previously是副词。副词只能修饰动词，不能修饰名词，而$7 per year都是名词，这使得previously没有修饰对象。
D选项：Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。
E选项：as opposed to可以看作复合介词，意思是：这一点和…相反/这一点与…不符。如果从深层结构进行分析,as opposed to sth.其实是as is opposed to sth. 的省略，例如：
How strange are realities as opposed to illusion! （和幻想相反，现实是多么奇怪啊!）
由例句可知，as opposed to是“相反”的意思，instead of是“而不是”的意思。在逻辑上，现在330美金的学费和之前的7美金学费应该是“而不是”关系，而没有“相反”的关系。
b选项可以改成 for which 7 dollar was paid last year 或者 for which the students paid $7 last year
for which was previously paid $7 per year是非限定性定语从句。介词加which的形式要求先行词在从句中充当状语，介词+which引导的定语从句中必须有主语（先行词只能做状语，所以如果没有主语，那么定语从句中就缺少主语了）。
previously副词修饰动词，注意词性！
as opposed to是“相反”的意思
as opposed to是“相反”的意思，instead of是“而不是”的意思。在逻辑上，现在330美金的学费和之前的7美金学费应该是“而不是”关系，而没有“相反”的关系。
介词+which引导的定语从句中必须有主语
previously副词修饰动词，注意词性！
選項C ,老師講解不對 (副词只能修饰动词，不能修饰名词)
副词可以修飾副词, 修飾形容词, 修飾介词, 修飾動词
詳細看 : https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/102145689
as is opposed to，相反的意思，不是比较
正是由于这个特点，介词+which引导的定语从句中必须有主语（先行词只能做状语，所以如果没有主语，那么定语从句中就缺少主语了）。
D 中instead of 介宾短语做状语修饰contribute, 正确
n D, it is clear why $330 is required. It is also clear why $7 was required, because the sentence states the $7 required previously.
In E, it is not clear why $330 is required. It is nonetheless clear why $7 was required previously
B：for which 7 dollar was paid last year for which the students paid $7 last year
B是语法错误，介词+which从句必须有主语。而且B是非限定性从句，语义上没有D那么强烈，D把之前的情况也强调了从而做对比，会更合理。C中previously是副词，要修饰动词或形容词。
previously虽然不能修饰名词，但可以限制名词。
paying修饰a law
比起C，B用了定语；即使看成倒装也不合适：7元被付为了which
介词+which引导定语从句，先行词只能在从句中做状语而不能作主语，所以要求介词+which从句自带主语，没有主语的话就是错的
介词加which的形式要求先行词在从句中充当状语，so, 介词+which引导的定语从句中必须有主语（先行词只能做状语，所以如果没有主语，那么定语从句中就缺少主语了）。
C) "previously" is an adverb and should refer to a verb, but $7 is a noun - you'd need the adjective "previous" here. And really you'd want to say something like "compared to the previous requirement of $7 per year"
as opposed to是“相反”的意思，instead of是“而不是”的意思
【A】... students boycotted classes in a one-day strike to protest a law that ...Now everything after 'that' is telling us more about that particular law.
What does the sentence tell us about the law? It tells us the following:
The law requires them to contribute $330 a year toward the cost of higher education, instead of the $7 per year required previously.
This modifies the law. A part of it cannot refer back to the students, a noun from which it is very far.