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题库 / Prep2007E1-SC-133
In the past several years, astronomers have detected more than 80 massive planets, most of them as large or larger than Jupiter, which circle other stars.
most of them as large or larger than Jupiter, which circle
most of them as large or larger than Jupiter and circling
most of them at least as large as Jupiter, circling
mostly at least as large as Jupiter, which circle
mostly as large or larger than Jupiter, circling
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C，most of them at least as large as Jupiter做80 massive planets的同位语，circling做定语。
some of them/some除了引导完整句外，也可以用于独立结构（同位语，非从句）
eg.:
This model explains all known subatomic particles, some discovered only recently.
When at university, Tom did many travels, some of them places of interest.
名词+分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介宾短语/名词属于独立主格做状语，同时也有可能是同位语，作定语或状语
as large as or larger than，不能说 as large or larger than，该省略无法作补足，省略错误，
C，most of planets as large as Jupiter, circling other stars，circling作伴随状语，逻辑主语只能是planets，而不是主句主语astronomers。circling修饰的句子在整个独立句里作同位语，修饰的动词(are) as large as里的large作定语修饰planets。
从本题可以看出，状语修饰最近的动作，该动作不一定作谓语动词，分词/不定式作定语的动词同样可以接修饰状语。
mostly副词，修饰large，mostly larger，通常更大；The sauce is mostly cream. 这沙司主要是奶油。与most of the planets大多数星体意思不同
subgroup modifiers：当修饰被修饰名词的一部分时，用some of which/whom, some of them, some 3种形式；
（1）some of which / whom 只能引导nonessential modifier，指代的物体为人时用whom, 为物时用 which。
如：Mike’s disappointment was shared by several players who were present, some of whom were so upset that they shouted at the judge.
（2）some of them/some用于独立的句子，不能作modifier引导从句
（3）some of them/some也可以用于独立结构，如同位语，如：
This model explains all known subatomic particles, some discovered only recently. 类似于名词+分词作同位语
Tom did many travels, some of them places of interest. 名词+名词作同位语
C，astronomers have detected more than 80 massive planets, most of them as large as or larger than Jupiter. 名词+形容词作同位语，补充说明planets
ACDE看起来都像有歧义会修饰到Jupiter，但是ABE有as…as硬伤，因此只能在CD当中选。而，which更容易理解成就近修饰，而且用法还错了，如果修饰jupiter的话要用circles；而circling可以看作也是massive planets的修饰成分，与most of them共同修饰massive planets
D.E，mostly作为副词，“主要地，通常地，多半地”，prep07上的解释是修饰错误，以为副词不能修饰名词
C.circling在这里不存在伴随的歧义，伴随一般是指伴随动作，因为本句唯一的句子是天文学家detected...，若认为伴随是不可的，逻辑主语就成了astronomers，逻辑错误；此处circling作定语修饰Jupiter.
另外可用固定搭配排除，as large as or larger than = at least as large as
看了SC课程（#67 区分伴随和分词短语作定语）说 ",Ving / ,Ved" 出现在句中或句末，如果是comma+现在分词必为状语，但为什么答案(C) ,circling 是作定语修饰planets呢？（难道是中间插入语可以看做省略，所以其实planet和circling之前不算有comma???）
当时解题思路为 ,circling作伴随，主语同修饰那句话的主语，变成 astronomers发出circling 的动作，所以删掉了正确选项...
彻底阴沟翻船·····选了D（真的是😒
as large or larger than···明显错误，只能是as large as or larger than····排除ABE；
剩下CD，D which 就近修饰到Jupiter，显然不对···排除；
"most of them at least as large as Jupiter" modifies "planets." Notice that the only verb in C is "have detected," so you don't have a run-on sentence.
A run-on sentence is one in which at least two independent clauses are joined without the appropriate punctuation. You can't have two independent clauses if you don't have two clauses, and you can't have two clauses if you don't have two verbs.
"Circling" is not a verb in C, but a modifier.
Idiom : three times as many as/at least as many as/not so much as /as much so as
WRONG: as many or more than/so many as /as many than/three times as many more than
-ing participle 修饰前面的planets 作定语
circling作定语修饰planets，和先行词被插入语隔开。从语意来讲circle也不会修饰Jupiter，一个Jupiter怎么围绕其他所有的stars啊。
Astronomers have detected more than 80 massive planets circling other stars. / (planets) which circle other stars.
DE：mostly是副词，只能修饰形容词或者动词
只能as large as or larger than 所以AB选项❌
as large or larger than×
动词分词做后置定语
C, circling是定语，而不是伴随状语，所以没有跟随主句主语的问题。同位语作为插入语，插在先行词和定语之间，用两个逗号隔开了。
which 修饰jupiter，它不能跨过整个modifier
mostly adv. 修饰形容词或动词
同位语，同为名词或句子，既不是定语也不是状语
曼哈顿论坛里有。RON回复两种说法①中间的是插入语，可去掉。（最好）②第三个句子修饰前一个“句子”（短语）（有点站不住脚）。
DE：mostly是副词，只能修饰形容词或者动词