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题库 / GMATAdvanced-CR-38
Pharmaceutical companies spend more than ever on research and development; yet the number of new drugs patented each year has dropped since 1963. At the same time, profits— at constant 1963 dollars—for the industry as a whole have been steadily increasing.
Which of the following, if true, is the single factor most likely to explain, at least in part, the three trends mentioned above for money spent, drugs patented, and profits made?
Government regulations concerning testing requirements for novel drugs have become steadily more stringent.
Research competition among pharmaceutical companies has steadily intensified as a result of a general narrowing of research targets to drugs for which there is a large market.
Many pharmaceutical companies have entered into collaborative projects with leading universities, while others have hired faculty members away from universities by offering very generous salaries.
The number of cases in which one company’s researchers duplicated work done by another company’s researchers has steadily grown.
The advertising budgets of the major pharmaceutical companies have grown at a higher rate than their profits have.
D 錯誤解釋: Companies doing similar or duplicative research could indicate certain inefficiencies in research spending, which could help explain the research-spending trend and the trend regarding patents. Nevertheless, it still fails to explain the trend of increasing profits
选了D。以为说的是对仿制药的研发投入提高了，因为是仿制药所以不能申请专利，又因为是仿制已经成功的药，所以利润上升……一套歪理邪说居然还能自圆其说了，我也是服了我自己
确实是大市场，可是竞争多了怎么就一定代表会利润上升呢 ...专注于细分市场并不一定比在大市场利润低吧...
必然性问题
只有B能必然能导致三个指标向既定方向变化
B：制药公司都去研究有巨大市场价值的药，这样新药专利自然就少了，研究出来卖钱卖得多，利润高
D：Companies doing similar or duplicative research could indicate certain inefficiencies in research spending, which could help explain the research-spending trend and the trend regarding patents. 【Nevertheless, it still fails to explain the trend of increasing profits】
问的是同时解释三个选项的
原文：研发投入增加 ---- 新药专利申请数量减少 ---- 药品行业利润上升
B：制药公司都去研究有巨大市场价值的药，这样新药专利自然就少了，研究出来卖钱卖得多，利润高
讲profits 不一定是要提及 成本和收入 市场的扩大也会带来profits
My Take on choice B:
- "Research competition intensified": Explains higher spending on R&D.
- "Research narrowed down to target drugs for a specific market": Explains fewer patients, as fewer patients applied for.
- "Large market exist for above target drugs": Explains steady increase in profits.
文中说的是研究增多研发新药减少，利润增加，能够一次性解释这三个现象的因素：B中说的是由于药品目标研发的narrow和市场的扩大，导致了研究变多，刚好能解释这三个变化
问题问的是同时解释三个现象的factor
B项：This helps explain all three factors. It suggests that each company has had to boost its research spending, but with a narrowing of focus to produce mass-market drugs with enormous potential for profit. This narrowing of focus could explain why fewer drugs are being patented.
A. Although the stringency of government regulations could help explain increased research spending and the granting of fewer patents, it fails to explain why profits would increase in the long term.
B. Correct. This helps explain all three factors. It suggests that each company has had to boost its research spending, but with a narrowing of focus to produce mass-market drugs with enormous potential for profit. This narrowing of focus could explain why fewer drugs are being patented.