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题库 / GMATAdvanced-CR-43
Distressed by his own personal tragedies, the Roman philosopher Cicero once asked himself whether a wise person should try to achieve the Stoic ideal of complete emotionlessness. Cicero reasoned that, however desirable the goal may be, a wise person could never attain it, since emotions are not simply irrational urges. They are, rather, a product of one’s estimate of the goodness and badness of the events, people, and actions one witnesses.
Which of the following is an assumption required by Cicero’s reasoning?
Wise people inevitably evaluate at least some of the things they observe.
Irrationality makes evaluation of what one observes impossible.
Wisdom precludes attempting to attain what one cannot.
If evaluations are based only on reason, then they are inaccurate.
A wise person will not evaluate what cannot be directly observed.
logic chain - Emotions are not irrational urges. They are a product of combination of estimation of events and observations -> Wise person can never achieve the goals
还是不太理解为什么第一答案是assumption, inevitably evaluate from the observation
首先，加强和假设问法本质上是一样的，GMAT和GRE考试中都没必要区分。
其次，这个题目的结论是：聪明人永远不可能达到无情。前提是：情感是人们对好坏的评估（也就是你只要评估了，就会有情）。选项A其实就是在连接这个前提和结论。也就是，聪明人至少得评估一些他们看见的事情。如果他们可以做到完全不评估的话，那不就可以无情了嘛
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总结：评估→聪明人“动情”
原文：whether a wise person should try to 【achieve the Stoic ideal of complete emotionlessness 实现没有感情的stoic理想】。
C：无论目标多么令人向往，一个聪明的人wise person 永远无法【attain it 实现它=实现没有感情的emotionlessness stoic理想】，
P：∵ 情绪emotion不仅仅是not simply 非理性的冲动 irrational urges。
（对比 rather）情绪emotion is 一个人【估计 estimate 】其目睹的事件、人物和行为好坏的产物。
结论是：【聪明人①】永远不可能达到【无情②】。
前提是：【情感②】是人们对好坏的【评估③】（也就是你只要评估了，就会有情）
assumption假设：搭桥gap ①←②→③
选项A：
【Wise people=wise person ①】 inevitably 【evaluate=估计 estimate③ 】 at least some of the 【things they observe=情绪emotion②】.
【聪明的人 ①】不可避免地会至少【评估③】他们【观察到的一些事情②】。
取非：聪明的人 对他们看到的一些东西 【不】评估evaluate---那就没有emotion---达成emotionlessness---削弱
Premise:
Emotions are the product of ONE'S estimate of the goodness and badness of the events, people, and actions one witnesses.
Conclusion:
A WISE PERSON could never attain complete emotionless.
Whereas the premise is about ONE, the conclusion is about A WISE PERSON.
Assumption:
A WISE PERSON = ONE.
原文说one会estimate balabala，所以也就是说智者会estimate，同义词替换evaluate
重點只有Cicero reasoned that, however desirable the goal may be, a wise person could never attain it, since emotions are not simply irrational urges.
有情感才能達成目標 理智的人無法達成目標
gap:理智的人沒啥感情
however desirable the goal may be, a wise person could never attain it 结论句子 但是其中的IT 和上文说的emotionless有关
assumption 答案句子就是取反就是削弱
无论目标多么的理想，聪明的人从来不能达到emotionlessness
a选项取反就是聪明的人不会对他们看到的一些东西进行评估---不能emotion---达成emotionlessness---削弱 评估 在这里要理解为有感情 （无感情就是不评估）
因为不能熟视无睹才会有情绪反应，如果睿智让我们不去想象和评估，那就不用生气上火，所以人要有反应才行。
西塞罗认为，没有情感就不能达到那些难的目标。因为情感是理性的，它帮助评估事物的好坏。
缺的一环是达到难的目标需要评估事物的好坏。
however desirable the goal may be, a wise person could never attain it
无论目标多么的理想，聪明的人从来不能达到emotionlessness
a选项取反就是聪明的人不会对他们看到的一些东西进行评估---不能emotion---达成emotionlessness---削弱
明智的人不可避免地要评估他们所观察到的一些事情。
/B/错误，observe sth本身就是irrationally
cr
emotionless的境界并不可能通过避免冲动或者禁欲达到，而要通过断绝对世间万物的好坏判断。因此wise person也不能达到这个境界，因为他们无法做到不判断...
a wise person could never attain it
Wise people inevitably evaluate at least some-》正确答案“inevitably”“at least some”
Described without mistake.
emotionless的境界并不可能通过避免冲动或者禁欲达到，而要通过断绝对世间万物的好坏判断。因此wise person也不能达到这个境界，因为他们无法做到不判断...
原因：情感不是简单的无理性的欲望。情感是一个人对事件、人、见证的行为的好或坏的评估得出的产物。
结果：一个智慧的人不能够达到complete emotionlessness
这里有两个可能的assumption，
1 情感如果是简单无理性的欲望就可以让一个智慧的人达到complete emotionlessness；
2 一个智慧的人，就肯定会对事件、人、见证的行为的好或坏进行评估，从而产生出emotion。 对应A选项：智慧的人无可避免地会评估他们观察到的事物。-取非：智慧的人不会评估他们观察到的事物（none of the things they observe.）既然不会去评估，那就不会involve到emotions，那emotionlessness就是可以达成的，造成削弱～
He must have thought that wise people cannot completely avoid making evaluations of the goodness and badness of at least some of the events, people, and actions they witness. If he thought they could completely avoid making such evaluations, the reason he gave for his conclusion would not have supported it.