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题库 / GMATAdvanced-SC-12
Since the 1930s aircraft manufacturers have tried to build airplanes with frictionless wings, shaped so smoothly and perfectly that the air passing over them would not become turbulent.
wings, shaped so smoothly and perfectly
wings, wings so smooth and so perfectly shaped
wings that are shaped so smooth and perfect
wings, shaped in such a smooth and perfect manner
wings, wings having been shaped smoothly and perfectly so
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Since the 1930s 是一个时间状语吧登录 或 注册 后可以参加讨论
兄弟，我又来了😓…这个since是个介词，它加了时间名词the 1930s后作状语，所以逗号前面是个主谓宾完整的句子，其实逗号后面应该是同位语从句，解释wings的属性的；
另外“smooth自己就是副词”一说我也不太认同，查了下个人觉得较为权威的OELD词典，它作副词时的解释是In a way that is without difficulties，偏向于解释为“顺利地，没什么阻碍地”（例the course of true love never did run smooth），这里用来修饰shaped不太合适吧。所以这里smooth就是形容词，意为“光滑的”修饰wings，而perfectly是副词修饰shaped，两者加起来perfectly shaped又变成noun modifier，和smooth并列修饰wings，来解释其属性。
来了老弟~谢谢解释，让我看到另一种分析方法。我之前一直认为同位语从句，就应该是另一个同样意思的名词开头解释前面的名词，或者v-ed/v-ing解释这种，重复前面的名词写一个句子算是主句。看过你的解释后再看这个题，发现第二个wings如果是主语的话，主句是不完整的。登录 或 注册 后可以参加讨论
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For pronoun “them” a clear antecedent is needed. This antecedent will be “wings” which must be placed after coma.
Hence, A, C, and D are incorrect. Moreover in C, instead of adverbs (smoothly and perfectly) adjectives (smooth and perfect) have been used.
Furthermore in D, “smooth and perfect manner” mean “smoothly and perfectly” hence, D is wordier by one word than the sentence was required.
B选项中 后一个wings表示同位语，其后为定语从句，省略主语和谓语。整体用于解释wings的属性
smooth形容翼型的顺滑，perfectly形容be shaped，表明形状被设计的很完美
smoothly means performed WITHOUT DIFFICULTY.
Thus, shaped smoothly means shaped WITHOUT DIFFICULTY, implying that the process of shaping the wings is easy.
Not the intended meaning.
The intended meaning is not that the shaping PROCESS is smooth but that the WINGS themselves are SMOOTH.
Eliminate A and E.
C: are shaped so smooth and perfect
Here, smooth and perfect (two adjectives) seem to modify are shaped (a verb).
An adjective cannot modify a verb.
An adjective must serve to modify a NOUN.
Eliminate C.
D: shaped in such a smooth and perfect manner
Like A and E, this option implies that the MANNER of shaping the wings is EASY.
Not the intended meaning.
The intended meaning is not that the shaping MANNER is smooth but that the WINGS themselves are SMOOTH.
Eliminate D.
OA: Since the 1930's aircraft manufacturers have tried to build airplanes with frictionless wings, wings so smooth and so perfectly shaped that the air passing over them would not become turbulent.
The portion in green is an example of a RESUMPTIVE MODIFIER.
A resumptive modifier:
-- repeats a key word in the sentence
-- conveys additional information about that key word
-- often includes a that-clause
-- usually appears at the end of a sentence
In the OA, the resumptive modifier makes it clear that so smooth and so perfectly shaped refers only to the WINGS, not to the entire airplane.
再者xx shaped和shaped XX这里都是修饰shaped的，都要用副词，没有说前面副词后面就是其他形式的
AD错误在于这个想用同位语修饰wings属性，但是只有分词修饰，那应该是修饰主句主语的，所以一定要有一个wings
A和D里边的shaped...有歧义，可以看做是wings的定语，也可以看做是独立主格结构做状语，动作的承受着变成了manufacturer，有歧义，排除。
C里边应该用副词，that are shaped so smooth and perfectly, 排除。
E里边过去完成时不能变成动名词修饰名词，having been done/having done看到就可以排除。
A项 非划线部分的them指代对象不明，像B这样补出一个明确的同位语就能够避免指代对象不明
B：wings的同位语。后半句wings后面的是做宾语从句吧？