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题库 / GMATLA-CR-122
Last August the XT chain of gasoline stations had a temporary sales promotion in effect in the promotion , any customer who made a purchase of ten or more gallons of gasoline was entitled to a free car wash . For the month of August , XT experienced a ten percent increase in gasoline sales as compared to sales in August the previous year so evidently the promotion was successful as a means of boosting sales.
In evaluating the argument , it would be most helpful to answer which of the following ?
In the areas in which XT's gasoline stations operate , how did total combined gasoline sales for all gasoline stations last August compare with sales for the previous August?
Was the money that XT earned from the increase in gasoline sales enough to offset the cost of providing tree car washes during the promotion?
Were there any customers who bought ten or more gallons at an XT gasoline station during the promotion who would have bought ten or more gallons at an XT gasoline in lower quantities , but more frequently ,if the promotion had not been in effect?
Did XT or any or its gasoline stations have to pay other businesses to provide the car washes that customers were offered in the promotion?
Are XT's gasoline sales in August usually significantly higher than one twelfth of XT's annual gasoline sales ?
考察因果逻辑是否成立。causal relationship的3要素：a发生在b前，a与b相关，无他因。根据题目，显然只有条件1都满足了，promotion与sales增长是否有关且是否唯一因素均存疑。A选项的意思是sales增长是因为整体市场向好导致，跟promotion虽可能无关，但绝对不是唯一因素。B选项无关，问的是promotion和sales增长的关系，没问promotion和net profits的关系。C选项的本意等于取消实验条件，sales是否变化，但是它的表述没体现出这层意思啊，any customers可以是1个也可以是10个，对整体sales的影响能有多大没说明白。如果出现：添加实验条件，sales增长；撤销实验条件，sales降低，这样才是符合因果推论的。D选项跟sales无关。E选项比较错了对象，将XT 8月的销量 vs XT全年1/12的销量相比，原为比的是去年8月销量与往年同期的销量。
因果结论基于比较逻辑得出。比较的是XT (last Aug vs. Aug of previous year), promotion (yes vs. no), sales (more vs. less)。结论：promotion -> sales growth。因果结论要成立，assume了1. 发生的先后顺序，2.相关性，3.非他因。看哪个选项通过比较逻辑推导出相关性和非他因。选项全部都是比较逻辑，直接找相关性和非他因就好。A选项比较的是 XT's vs. all stations' sales，时期与原文一致，可以否定相关性和/或非他因。
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