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题库 / GMATLA-CR-28
Historian: In the Drindian Empire, censuses were conducted annually to determine the population of each village. Village census records for the last half of the 1600's are remarkably complete. This very completeness makes one point stand out; in five different years, villages overwhelmingly reported significant population declines. Tellingly, each of those five years immediately followed an increase in a certain Drindian tax. This tax, which was assessed on villages, was computed by the central government using the annual census figures. Obviously, whenever the tax went up, villages had an especially powerful economic incentive to minimize the number of people they recorded; and concealing the size of a village's population from government census takers would have been easy. Therefore, it is reasonable to think that the reported declines did not happen.
In the historian's argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
The first supplies a context for the historian's argument; the second acknowledges a consideration that has been used to argue against the position the historian seeks to establish.
The first presents evidence to support the position that the historian seeks to establish; the second acknowledges a consideration that has been used to argue against that position.
The first provides a context for certain evidence that supports the position that the historian seeks to establish; the second is that position.
The first is a position for which the historian argues; the second is an assumption that serves as the basis of that argument.
The first is an assumption that the historian explicitly makes in arguing for a certain position; the second acknowledges a consideration that calls that assumption into question.
Historian: In the Drindian Empire, censuses were conducted annually to determine the population of each village. Village census records for the last half of the 1600's are remarkably complete.
注意historians的论点只在文章最后一句出现：这个report报告的下降可能并没有发生；全文没有转折
因此前面陈述的都是一个事实/context:This very completeness makes one point stand out; in five different years, villages overwhelmingly reported significant population declines. 尤其这句很有迷惑性，做题的时候会认为是论点，其实只是对于事实的进一步陈述而已
全文没有转折，第二个应该是结论。（因此可以做出排除）
找两黑和结论的关系，第二黑就是结论本人，第一黑应该是一个context
错选E，第二黑是结论，应该看到acknowledges就可以删掉了，结论词只有conclusion / position
BF1 强调 report 发生了，并出现decline。
BF2 指明的是report中decline发生，但是现实中的decline没有发生。
所以二者一派，支持关系。
整个文中也没有however这类明显的转折词。都是句子之间都是顺承关系。
原文一路逻辑顺畅，没有转折，一个obviously，然后therefore，说明逻辑同方向。
ABDE都错，因为没有argue也没有calls into question。
只有C，两个BF都是逻辑上同方向的。
不是很明白，为啥remarkably complete了，最后是故意少报了人数
b1: 人口调查很完整 ； b2: 调查报告没有减少。 b1 is similar to b2, 非对立关系，排除 a b e。
b2 前有therefore, 说明不是assumption
首先,可以判断出第一段是事实,第二段是结论(有therefore,所以排除D和E,
第一个黑体是fact，基于这个事实观察到的一个现象是argument想要讨论的内容
第二个黑体就是main conclusion
全文整个就是历史学家的观点，并没哟转折。
为啥不是b呢， This very completeness makes one point stand out; in five different years, villages overwhelmingly reported significant population declines. 逗号后面的内容不可以变为一个position吗，BF1 support 这个结论，后面的内容都在提供证据看人是不是减少了；然后BF2 reported declines did not happen，反驳这个结论。
我哪里理解错了呢5555555
整段话都是historian说的，也就是说第二个黑体表示的结论就是historian的结论，那就不应该是B里所说的against that position了
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不用仔细看非黑体字，非黑体字里boldface前后没有转折词（就是but however之类把两部分对立起来的东西），仔细看黑体字内容，前一个要么描述一个背景，要么描述客观事实。DE排除，不是assumption也不是position，第二个黑体字，therefore，就是说这是一个conclusion或者position，而且是整段话的position（consideration也可以那么说吧，可以是一个推测），两个黑体字之间没有转折词，意味着要么前一个支持后一个，要么前一个和后一个无关。AB排除，因为有argue against，选C
注意：
数据证明每次税收增加之后都会伴随人口减少（事实）
因为：税收增加，政府有economic incentive 去minimize人口数
结论：报告中的人口减少并没有实际发生
BB1(cc complete) reveal P 降 T升 --> T升导致了P降 --> argument: BB2(cc wrong)
BB=black bold
CC=cencuses report
P=population
T=tax
context=背景、上下文
BB1= CONTEXT / ASSUMPTION, B,Dwrong
A: to argue against the position the historian seeks to establish. wrong,
E: an assumption that the historian explicitly makes in arguing for a certain position; not explicitly, the assumption serves as context for evidence.