Macrophages are cells that play a role in there sponse of the immune system of mice and other mammals to invasive organisms such as bacteria. Unlike other mice, mice that are genetically incapable of making these particular cells do not show elevated levels of nitrates when infected with bacteria.
The statements above, if true, provide the most support for which of the following conclusions?
Mice that are unable either to make macrophages or to make them in sufficient numbers will protect themselves from bacterial infections in some other way
Mice that show elevated levels of nitrates can easily fight off most types of bacterial infections.
In mice, macrophages play a role in the production of nitrates or inhibit a process by which nitrates are broken down or otherwise eliminated.
When a healthy mouse becomes infected with an invasive organism, the number of macrophages in the mouse's body decreases.
Injections of nitrates into mice that lack macrophages will not enhance the ability of these animals' immune systems to fight off infection.
相当于一个归纳题
条件1:Macrophages是invasive ogranism的反应(相当于有organism入侵,Macrophages就升高)
条件2:注意前面的 UNLIKE 相当于取反,后面说没有Macrophages的老鼠被病毒入侵之后nitrates不会升高,意思是有产生Macrophages功能的老鼠被入侵后nitrates会升高。
结合起来就是:有产生M的功能的老鼠被入侵之后会产生M,同时nitrates会升高。
问结论是啥?
选C,因为 C的意思是 macrophages 的作用是 提高nitrates或者 阻止nitrates降低
其他选项都和题目没关系或没提到
From CD: "Unlike other mice, mice that are genetically incapable of making macrophages do not show elevated levels of nitrates when infected with bacteria." means:
1. Normal mice: infected with bacteria --> making macrophages --> elevated levels of nitrates
2. Mice incapable of making macrophages: infected with bacteria --> no making of macrophages -> no elevated levels of nitrates
所以这其实是一道典型的架桥题,需要建立起macrophages和nitrates之间的关联,而只有c选项提到了both
相关因果的关系:
不能制造这些M细胞的老鼠当遭遇细菌感染的时候体内没有出现升高的N->制造M细胞功能正常的老鼠遭遇细菌感染的时候能够出现升高的N
错选B:体内有升高的N的老鼠可以击退细菌感染,应该是能够击退细菌感染的老鼠有升高的N,反过来不一定能够成立
题目:巨噬细胞是在小鼠和其他哺乳动物的免疫系统对细菌等侵入性生物起作用的细胞中发挥作用的细胞。 与其他小鼠不同,当感染细菌时,遗传上不能制造这些特定细胞的小鼠不会显示硝酸盐水平升高。
a无法制造巨噬细胞或使其数量充足的小鼠会以其他方式保护自己免受细菌感染
b显示硝酸盐水平升高的小鼠很容易抵抗大多数类型的细菌感染。
c在小鼠中,巨噬细胞在硝酸盐的产生或抑制硝酸盐被分解或以其他方式消除的过程中起作用。
d当健康的小鼠感染侵入性生物体时,小鼠体内巨噬细胞的数量减少。
e向缺乏巨噬细胞的小鼠注射硝酸盐不会增强这些动物免疫系统抵抗感染的能力。
实在是看不清关系……机翻看中文,觉得B应该错在“有M”=“容易抗感染“,虽然的确是这样但是题中没说
Unlike other mice, mice that are genetically incapable of making these particular cells do not show elevated levels of nitrates when infected with bacteria. 此处的unlike不要忘了,一个unlike就说明了有Macrophages的老鼠是show elevated levels of nitrates when infected with bacteria.
Unlike other mice, mice that are genetically incapable of making these particular cells do not show elevated levels of nitrates when infected with bacteria. 此处的unlike不要忘了,一个unlike就说明了有Macrophages的老鼠是show elevated levels of nitrates when infected with bacteria.
正常老鼠被感染时硝酸盐水平升高;
吞噬细胞缺失老鼠被感染时硝酸盐水平不升高。
得:吞噬细胞促进硝酸盐产生或阻碍硝酸盐分解。
provide the most support和must be true的类型题还是有差别的
Macrophages是一种免疫系统应对细菌等生物的细胞。一些免疫系统无法产生M的老鼠当感染细菌的时候,不会产生升高的nitrates. 问must be true
choice b,nitrates升高的老鼠可以轻易抵抗细菌感染。incorrect,应该是可以抵抗细菌的老师有升高的N,反推不一定成立
choice c, 在老鼠体内,macrophages 扮演着制造nitrates或者避免nitrates 被分解的角色。correct,因为M和N相关出现的
Unlike other mice, mice (that are genetically incapable of making these particular cells) do not show elevated levels of nitrates when infected with bacteria.
句子理解
inference题。
正确答案会是另外一个新的结论。
重点要搞清楚N物质和M物质有什么关系,N物质对细菌有什么作用。
文中可以推出的是M和N的关系
从题干中可知 M cells和n正相关 C对
D选项错是因为说反了。其他选项错是因为无关或未提到
考试遇到这种题...直接放弃哦
求解,为什么不选A?
D為啥錯~
incapable make M --> low N
C)M制造N,M阻止N被破坏