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题库 / GMATLA-SC-40
Over the course of the eighteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore.
Over the course of the eighteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore.
Over the course of the eighteenth century a tripling in the average output of ironwork was due to the replacement of charcoal by coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, in addition to several improvements in blowing machinery.
With charcoal's being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.
The replacement of charcoal with coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.
Charcoal being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, and several improvements in blowing machinery, which tripled the average output of ironwork over the course of the eighteenth century.
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做这道题，首先要按绝对错误层级与相对错误层级划分
绝对错误
1.RUN-ON 排除E选项，E选项用众多修饰干扰视线，没有出现主语
2.逻辑不合理 排除D，B选项
B选项核心词变成a tripling，一个三倍是由于技术变革？当然不对
D选项结构是：同位语，SVO；失去了转折词，错误这个时候来对比AC，都没有语法上绝对的错误
相对层级
1.歧义
C选项有平行歧义，后面的improvement到底是和前面的fuel平行还是和charcoal‘s being replaced来平行呢
2.冗长
且C选项charcoal‘s being replaced by coal较于A选项的coal replaced charcoal冗长
择优选取，本题答案A
好难，全靠蒙，看了评论也是一脸懵。回头查词典，发现with的介宾结构是可以表原因，这点我觉得下面评论没有抓主要矛盾，就像正确选项A里面是一个介宾结构和从句都表原因状语的并列一样，这个介宾不能表原因的解释感觉牵强。两个剑桥词典的例子（明确指出意为 because of or caused by someone or something）：
With all the excitement and confusion, I forgot to say goodbye to her.
With exams approaching, it's a good idea to review your class notes.
这里不就是介宾和独立主格都涉及到了；
我觉得C的问题在两处，一是as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore 这个介宾短语的修饰对象问题，“作为燃料”修饰的应该是一个名词性的东西，可以是charcoal，但它加了所有格变成charcoal's being replaced，核心就变成being replaced这件事，这件事是肯定没法作为燃料的； 二是improvements平行歧义问题，它原则上可以和smelting平行，变成as the fuel used in several improvements，当然我觉得这是次要矛盾，B也有同样的问题。
B的问题我觉得就在于前面时间状语修饰问题，是修饰“翻3倍”这个动作，还是修饰“是因为”。
我个人认为C语法上没什么错误，with在这里应该是一个介词+n的结构，做一个伴随状语，而不是因为with+n+noun modifier的独立主格不平行的问题。
with a and b, +句子我觉得因该是可以的，C应该是错在没有正确表达因果关系（因为题干给出的就是一种因果关系且刚好A也没有语法错误，所以优选A）
同意。介宾做状语，不同于伴随状语，介宾没有逻辑主语。
with也可以表示因果关系和转折关系，如：
She won't be able to help us with all the family commitments she has. 她有这么多家务事，帮不了我们
He is not happy, with all his money and fame. 有着钱和名誉，他还是不快乐。
只是和主句的逻辑关系不如带because/as a result等表达的明显，所以优选A。
今天再看c好像有一个错误...就是有fuel used in improvements...的歧义，这个and...
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A: as a result of several improvements和because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore并列。语法上是可以的，因为两者都是原因状语
B: 主干 a tripling was due to X, in addition to Y 改变了意思。在choice a中用and连接两个原因状语说明两个原因的权重是一样的，in addition to的结构中说明Y的重要性低一些
服了，这个A选项的并列那么丑居然也能成为答案。
A中as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore.。语法上是可以的，因为两者都是原因状语
the eighteenth century. 是个时间坐标，而不是只有十八世纪的全部炼钢量上升
B错是因为due to 不可以解释一件事情，due to 解释的对象只能是NOUN
A/C:
A这里两个原因平行：several improvements+coal replaced charcoal
一个是短语，一个是句子，不能用because将二者并列连起来，所以一个用as a result of一个用because（不要因为后面看到because前面没有相似结构就马上排除
分开读：
the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements
the average output of ironwork tripled because coal replaced charcoal
C有几个问题：1.平行歧义；2.with表达因果没有A清晰；
b错在？我觉得c错在with不能表示因果。
C选项感觉从平行结构理解会更好些，being replaced和improvements不对称，歧义没太看出来。。。
C：with引导独立主格，一看主语对不对 二看同时性 三看修饰动作对不对
有些点可以了解 但不要使用，比如有歧义，需要把句子修饰部分一个个看清，太浪费时间
A. 正确，当时排除掉因为觉得as a result...and because重复了，后面重新看发现其实是平行的
B. a tripling was due to 三倍是因为...语意不对
C. with引导独立主格，replace的同时不能和output tripled同时发生
D. replace by...
E. 无动词
A: as a result of several improvements和because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore并列。语法上是可以的，因为两者都是原因状语
破题点模糊，要耐心：按绝对错误层级与相对错误层级划分
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-499047-1-1.html
a trippling 是瞬间的动作，与段落时间 course不匹配
B 错误是因为，原因放错位置。根据原句的意思 导致tripled 的原因 as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery.
B 偷换了was due to the replacement.
C，E 因为being down的结构直接排除。
D 两个句子之间缺少关系连词
AC还是优选A，选项读了好久，从最主要的逻辑出发，C并没有表现出和主语之间的因果关系，另外也有歧义：是否the fuel used in several improvements?
最开始还排除A了，因为觉得as a result of 和 because不平行，不过起码逻辑关系准确，后来想想前面是名词后面是跟一句话，也能接受没有太大错误
B. a tripling was due to语意奇怪
C. with削弱因果关系，且being不好
B选项trippling作主语错误，D选项同位语错误，E选项无谓语，只剩AC，
A虽然不平行，但C选项with削弱了因果关系，且还有being，相比之下选A
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A选项的and前后不平行啊，
前面是as a result of+名词, 后面是because+完整句子，中间也没加逗号
结构怎么平行的呢？我也是对比了好久还是选了C，至少语法上没啥错
选C错。关键是要突出因果关系，A选项的那种表达是正确的。
A: as a result of several improvements和because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore并列。语法上是可以的，因为两者都是原因状语