The Arthritis Research Institute of America advises women of color that they have twice the likelihood to get osteoarthritis of the knee as do White women.


that they have twice the likelihood to get osteoarthritis of the knee as do White women

that they are twice as likely as White women to get osteoarthritis of the knee

that their likelihood of getting osteoarthritis of the knee is twice as much as White women

of being twice as likely as White women to get osteoarthritis of the knee

of having twice the likelihood of getting osteoarthritis of the knee as White women

考题讲解

题目分析:

本题的意思是:ARIA这个机构告诉非白人女性:她们患上膝盖的骨关节炎的可能性是白人女性的两倍。

选项分析:

选项A:在措辞上,我们不能说sb have the likelihood,只能说sb's likelihood。这是因为,不能说,某人“有”一个做某事可能性,只能说某人做某事“的”可能性。另外,本选项中应将a likelihood to get改为a likelihood of getting。这点考查了不定式和ing的区别。用之于本题,likelihood表示可能性,当我们谈及某件事的可能性时,这件事不会发生任何状态的转变(例如:小明上学的可能性是15%,这句话中的事件“小明上学”依然是处于稳定状态的,不会因为可能性有多少而发生或者结束(仅是预测一件事的可能性,当然不会让一件事开始)。)。

选项B:Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。注意be likely to do和likelihood of doing的两种习惯表达方式。为什么likely身后肯定要加to do呢(这里用到了不定式和从句的区别),这是因为,当我们说:
He is likely to prepare GMAT.
这句话表示,他有很高的可能性开始准备GMAT考试,即,prepare GMAT这个行为在未来将会发生(具有状态变化)。相对于likely来说,possible就要舒缓很多,常见例如:
It is possible that he prepared GMAT.
这里用从句的原因是,若我们说一件事是possible的,就表示这件事发生的概率较低,甚至可以认为,只是理论上的可能。因此,在主句讲完后,he prepared GMAT可能依然不发生,即,处于恒定的状态。
那么likelihood的呢?和选项(A)的论述相似,当我们谈及某件事的可能性时,这件事不会发生任何状态的转变,并不代表这件事要发生。因此,likelihood身后要么用of doing,要么用同位语从句

选项C:比较对象不对等。真正应该对比的是“患上关节炎的可能性”,而不是“白人女性”。

选项D:of being twice as likely as White women是一个介词短语,因此being twice as likely as是动名词短语。动名词短语在句中没有“逻辑主语”,即,being在本句没有主语。在逻辑上,发出be twice as likely as White women肯定是women of color,因此,being必须有自己的主语。

选项E:of having twice the likelihood 错误(D);have likelihood同(A)。

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