The state religion of ancient China, which came into existence at least as far back as the Han Dynasty (206 B.C. to A.D.220) and perhaps as early as the Western Zhou Dynasty (1050 B.C. to 771 B.C.), allowed only emperors performing the ritual worship of heaven, perceiving them as special links between the earthly and celestial realms.
only emperors performing the ritual worship of heaven, perceiving them as
only emperors to perform the ritual worship of heaven, with the perception of them being
the ritual worship of heaven to be performed only by emperors, who were perceived as
the ritual worship of heaven, performed by emperors only, with the perception of them as
the ritual worship of heaven as performed by emperors only, who were perceived to be
题目分析:
本题考点较多,难度较大。题目的意思是:
古中国宗教允许的只是帝王来做祭天的仪式,把帝王看作和地球、天体有特殊的联系。
选项分析:
选项A:本选项有两处错误,第一,需要将动名词短语performing the ritual worship of heaven改为不定式短语to perform the ritual worship of heaven。这点考查了不定式和ing的区别。用之于本题,allow是一个约束力较强的动词,所以其宾语的补足语需要用不定式的形式。第二,perceiving them as special links between the earthly and celestial realms是一个现在分词短语,其字面上的主语只能是religion。但逻辑上,将帝王看作和地球、天体有特殊联系的不是宗教,而是广大的人民群众。
选项B:with the perception of them being special links between the earthly and celestial realms是独立主格结构,这个结构在语法上没有任何错误,近似相当于一个状语从句,即:
the perception of them is special links between the earthly and celestial realms
但是,这句话在逻辑上是有错误的。本句应该改为:
emperors were perceived as special links between the earthly and celestial realms
把这个句子的被动语态变为主动则有:
X perceived emperors as special links between the earthly and celestial realms
第二个划线部分实则是宾语(第一个划线部分)的补足语。这个句子太长了,不容易理解,让我们换一个简单的具有宾语的补语的句子来看:
I put the book on the table.
划线部分也是宾语(the book)的补足语。观察例句可知,宾语the book和补语on the table之间是“是”的关系,即,the book is on the table。例句表示,我“令”书具有在桌子上这一状态。将这个原理应用于本选项可知:
(1) the perception of them is special links between the earthly and celestial realms
(2) X perceived emperors as special links between the earthly and celestial realms
例句(1)讲的是“perception是一个特殊的连接”;例句(2)讲的是“帝王是一个特殊的连接”。显然地,只有帝王才能被看作是一个连接。
选项C:Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。
选项D:performed by emperors only是一个过去分词短语,做定语修饰the ritual worship of heaven,这使得allow的宾语缺少了宾语的补语。
选项E:as performed by emperors only应改为to be performed only by emperors。这点考查了不定式和名词的区别。用之于本题,allow是一个约束力较强的动词,所以其宾语的补足语需要用不定式的形式。另外,were perceived to be special links应改为were perceived as special links,这点考查了不定式和名词的区别。用之于本题,perceive是观察、察觉的意思,约束力较弱,应该用as结构。
1) the perception of them is special links between the earthly and celestial realms
(2) X perceived emperors as special links between the earthly and celestial realms
例句(1)讲的是“perception是一个特殊的连接”;例句(2)讲的是“帝王是一个特殊的连接”。显然地,只有帝王才能被看作是一个连接。
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