Responding to the public's fascination with-and sometimes undue alarm over-possible threats from asteroids, a scale developed by astronomers rates the likelihood that a particular asteroid or comet may collide with Earth.
a scale developed by astronomers rates the likelihood that a particular asteroid or comet may
a scale that astronomers have developed rates how likely it is for a particular asteroid or comet to
astronomers have developed a scale to rate how likely a particular asteroid or comet will be to
astronomers have developed a scale for rating the likelihood that a particular asteroid or comet will
astronomers have developed a scale that rates the likelihood of a particular asteroid or comet that may
题目分析:
本题的难度主要出现在选项(C)和选项(D)中。
选项分析:
选项A:划线部分身前的现在分词短语responding to the public's fascination with-and sometimes undue alarm over-possible threats from asteroids是伴随状语,其主语必须和它所修饰的句子主语相同,即,a scale。在逻辑上,“回应公众过分担心的”很显然应该是“天文学家”,而不是“量度表”。
选项B:伴随状语的逻辑主语错误同选项(A)。
选项C:本选项有两处错误。第一,a scale身后的定语应该由不定式短语to rate改为动名词短语for rating,这点考查了不定式和ing的区别。用之于本题,在主句“科学家研发了一个量度表”这个事件发生时,“给撞击地球的可能性打分”这个事件依然处于恒定的状态中。这是因为,当一个量度表被研发好了的时候,不一定要马上开始依照这个量度表来评分,可能只是一个参考标准,即,“打分”这个事件在主观上不一定发生,需要用ing形式。
第二,rate身后的宾语how likely a particular asteroid or comet will be to collide with Earth是宾语从句,其核心词是从句中的谓语动词collide(撞击)。但在逻辑上,真正被“打分”的对象应该是小行星撞击地球的“可能性”而不是“撞击”这个事件本身(打出来的分,肯定是某一个或几个小行星撞击的百分比嘛)。因此,rate宾语的核心词应是likelihood。
选项D:Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。
选项E:likelihood的修饰部分,即,a particular asteroid or comet that may collide with Earth,的核心词为“一个特定的行星或彗星(a particular asteroid or comet)”。在逻辑上,应是“特定行星撞击的可能性”,而不是“特定行星的可能性”。因此,likelihood的修饰部分应用同位语从句。
'to rate' would be more appropriate for an action that helps the astronomers toward their goal (e.g., To rate the likelihood that asteroids will xxxxxx, astronomers are measuring their current trajectories with exquisite precision.)
in any case, that's not the major problem with choice C. the major problem with choice C is that likelihood is a PRESENT thing, so 'will be' is inapposite.
i.e., the question the astronomers are trying to answer is "How likely is this asteroid to eventually strike Earth?" that's the probability at present.
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