Responding to the public's fascination with-and sometimes undue alarm over-possible threats from asteroids, a scale developed by astronomers rates the likelihood that a particular asteroid or comet may collide with Earth.
a scale developed by astronomers rates the likelihood that a particular asteroid or comet may
a scale that astronomers have developed rates how likely it is for a particular asteroid or comet to
astronomers have developed a scale to rate how likely a particular asteroid or comet will be to
astronomers have developed a scale for rating the likelihood that a particular asteroid or comet will
astronomers have developed a scale that rates the likelihood of a particular asteroid or comet that may
题目分析:
本题的难度主要出现在选项(C)和选项(D)中。
选项分析:
选项A:划线部分身前的现在分词短语responding to the public's fascination with-and sometimes undue alarm over-possible threats from asteroids是伴随状语,其主语必须和它所修饰的句子主语相同,即,a scale。在逻辑上,“回应公众过分担心的”很显然应该是“天文学家”,而不是“量度表”。
选项B:伴随状语的逻辑主语错误同选项(A)。
选项C:本选项有两处错误。第一,a scale身后的定语应该由不定式短语to rate改为动名词短语for rating,这点考查了不定式和ing的区别。用之于本题,在主句“科学家研发了一个量度表”这个事件发生时,“给撞击地球的可能性打分”这个事件依然处于恒定的状态中。这是因为,当一个量度表被研发好了的时候,不一定要马上开始依照这个量度表来评分,可能只是一个参考标准,即,“打分”这个事件在主观上不一定发生,需要用ing形式。
第二,rate身后的宾语how likely a particular asteroid or comet will be to collide with Earth是宾语从句,其核心词是从句中的谓语动词collide(撞击)。但在逻辑上,真正被“打分”的对象应该是小行星撞击地球的“可能性”而不是“撞击”这个事件本身(打出来的分,肯定是某一个或几个小行星撞击的百分比嘛)。因此,rate宾语的核心词应是likelihood。
选项D:Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。
选项E:likelihood的修饰部分,即,a particular asteroid or comet that may collide with Earth,的核心词为“一个特定的行星或彗星(a particular asteroid or comet)”。在逻辑上,应是“特定行星撞击的可能性”,而不是“特定行星的可能性”。因此,likelihood的修饰部分应用同位语从句。
RON:
This distinction comes into play when you look at the verbs in C and D. Different verbs.
C mentions "how likely a comet/asteroid will be". Nope. The likelihood is something that exists now, not in the future. (That's the definition of "likelihood": How probable does this event seem right now?
There's no "future likelihood" here. In the future, the event either happens or doesn't happen.)
D mentions the likelihood (as measured at present) that a comet/asteroid will collide (in the future) with Earth. That makes sense.
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