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题库 / GMATLA-SC-83
Responding to the public's fascination with-and sometimes undue alarm over-possible threats from asteroids, a scale developed by astronomers rates the likelihood that a particular asteroid or comet may collide with Earth.
a scale developed by astronomers rates the likelihood that a particular asteroid or comet may
a scale that astronomers have developed rates how likely it is for a particular asteroid or comet to
astronomers have developed a scale to rate how likely a particular asteroid or comet will be to
astronomers have developed a scale for rating the likelihood that a particular asteroid or comet will
astronomers have developed a scale that rates the likelihood of a particular asteroid or comet that may
题目分析：
本题的难度主要出现在选项(C)和选项(D)中。
选项分析：
选项A：划线部分身前的现在分词短语responding to the public's fascination with-and sometimes undue alarm over-possible threats from asteroids是伴随状语，其主语必须和它所修饰的句子主语相同，即，a scale。在逻辑上，“回应公众过分担心的”很显然应该是“天文学家”，而不是“量度表”。
选项B：伴随状语的逻辑主语错误同选项(A)。
选项C：本选项有两处错误。第一，a scale身后的定语应该由不定式短语to rate改为动名词短语for rating，这点考查了不定式和ing的区别。用之于本题，在主句“科学家研发了一个量度表”这个事件发生时，“给撞击地球的可能性打分”这个事件依然处于恒定的状态中。这是因为，当一个量度表被研发好了的时候，不一定要马上开始依照这个量度表来评分，可能只是一个参考标准，即，“打分”这个事件在主观上不一定发生，需要用ing形式。
第二，rate身后的宾语how likely a particular asteroid or comet will be to collide with Earth是宾语从句，其核心词是从句中的谓语动词collide（撞击）。但在逻辑上，真正被“打分”的对象应该是小行星撞击地球的“可能性”而不是“撞击”这个事件本身（打出来的分，肯定是某一个或几个小行星撞击的百分比嘛）。因此，rate宾语的核心词应是likelihood。
选项D：Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。
选项E：likelihood的修饰部分，即，a particular asteroid or comet that may collide with Earth，的核心词为“一个特定的行星或彗星（a particular asteroid or comet）”。在逻辑上，应是“特定行星撞击的可能性”，而不是“特定行星的可能性”。因此，likelihood的修饰部分应用同位语从句。
C: astronomers have developed a scale to rate how likely a particular asteroid or comet [will be to]
D: astronomers have developed a scale for rating the likelihood [that] a particular asteroid or comet will
E: astronomers have developed a scale that rates the likelihood [of] a particular asteroid or comet that may
How likely is it NOW that a comet/asteroid WILL STRIKE Earth?
C mentions "how likely a comet/asteroid will be". Nope. The likelihood is something that exists now, not in the future. (That's the definition of "likelihood": How probable does this event seem right now? There's no "future likelihood" here. In the future, the event either happens or doesn't happen.)
D mentions the likelihood (as measured at present) that a comet/asteroid will collide (in the future) with Earth. That makes sense.
明天有50%可能下雨（也有50%可能不下雨）。这个有可能是基于今天的情报预测明天，从今天来看，存在明天下雨的可能性也存在明天不下雨的可能性，换句话说可能性是今天的事，下雨才是明天的事；而假如真正到了明天，下雨或者不下雨都会成为既定事实，下了雨就是100%下雨，没下雨就是100%不下雨，并不存在所谓的下雨可能性和不下雨的可能性的概念，所以逻辑上不存在“将会可能发生什么”，只存在“（现在来看）可能将会发生什么”
for those of you who are not native speakers of english - the best approach to problems such as this one is:
* note the differences in usage between the formal and informal
- e.g., "rate how likely" vs. "rate the likelihood that..."
* remember what these differences look like, so that you can make similar distinctions in the future.
选项E：likelihood的修饰部分，即，a particular asteroid or comet that may collide with Earth，的核心词为“一个特定的行星或彗星（a particular asteroid or comet）”。在逻辑上，应是“特定行星撞击的可能性”，而不是“特定行星的可能性”。因此，【likelihood的修饰部分应用同位语从句！】。
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