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题库 / GMATLA-SC-99
More than fifty years after the Second World War, a number of African American soldiers were awarded ― some of them posthumously ― with the Congressional Medal of Honor, which was the nation's highest military award, and which was long overdue in recognition of their outstanding bravery.
with the Congressional Medal of Honor, which was the nation's highest military award, and which was long overdue in
with the Congressional Medal of Honor, the nation's highest military award for long-overdue
the Congressional Medal of Honor, which was the nation's highest military award, long-overdue in
the Congressional Medal of Honor, the nation's highest military award for long-overdue
the Congressional Medal of Honor, the nation's highest military award, in long-overdue
题目分析：
略。
选项分析：
选项A：本选项看似还可以，实则犯了许多逻辑错误。首先，定语从句which was the nation’s highest military award是过去时，它表示the Congressional Medal of Honor在“过去”是国家最高的军事奖，现在不是了（例如：The bike, which was good, is now bad，这句话是正确的，表示这辆车过去很好，但是现在不好了；我们不能说：The bike, which is good, is now bad）。从上下文中，我们无从推断出the Congressional Medal of Honor仅在过去是最高军事奖，现在不是了，因此这个定语从句不能用一般过去时；
其次，and身后的which was long overdue in recognition of their outstanding bravery至多可以看作同which was the nation’s highest military award（其实不平行，若两者平行则需去掉and身前的那个逗号）。但是，该定语从句不能修饰the Congressional Medal of Honor（the Congressional Medal of Honor was long overdue in recognition of their outstanding bravery），这是因为若用其修饰the Congressional Medal of Honor，意思上好像在说这个the Congressional Medal of Honor是仅为这些美国士兵设置的奖一样（注意那个their（在未划线部分中），这里指代前文中的a number of African American soldiers，非限定性定语表示对先行词the Congressional Medal of Honor的解释说明，表示其属性或特点），这显然是不符合逻辑的；
再次，本选项的第一个词with也应该去掉，因为award是一个双及物动词，应该直接加两个宾语（soldiers和the Congressional Medal of Honor），即，award A B（这的award用了被动语态，即，A be awarded B）。
选项B：若将for long overdue in recognition of their outstanding bravery不加逗号地直接放在the nation’s highest military award身后，则其看起来是介词短语就近修饰名词award，整个部分皆作the Congressional Medal of Honor的同位语（即，the nation’s highest military award for long-overdue recognition of their outstanding bravery是the Congressional Medal of Honor的同位语），这是不符合逻辑的，同位语表示解释说明，若这么表达，则其表示the Congressional Medal of Honor是专门为表彰这些士兵的勇敢而设立的最高军事奖。在逻辑上，应该是士兵们被授予这个奖，目的是为了表彰他们的勇敢；with错误同(A)。
选项C：定语从句which was the nation’s highest military award错误同(A)。
选项D：同位语部分错误同(B)。
选项E：Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。the nation’s highest military award被两个逗号隔开，单独作the Congressional Medal of Honor的同位语，in long overdue in recognition of their outstanding bravery是award这个动作的状语。
搬运自GMATCLUB：
Split #1: "awarded" vs. "awarded with". The construction "awarded with" is idiomatically incorrect. We would just say Q was awarded the XYZ medal. (A) & (B) make this mistake and cannot be correct.
Split #2: idiom for recognition. The correct idiom here is "in recognition", not "for recognition". (B) & (D) make this mistake and cannot be correct.
That gets us down to (C) vs. (E), which is the hard part of this question. First, look at the way they both modify the name of the medal:
(C) the Congressional Medal of Honor, which was the nation’s highest military award, ...
(E) the Congressional Medal of Honor, the nation’s highest military award, ...
Choice (E) uses an appositive phrase. For more on this, see:
http://magoosh.com/gmat/2012/gmat-gramm ... e-phrases/
This structure is very elegant and concise. By contrast, the "which" clause in (C) is a little longer. There's also a problem with verb tense. I realize the tense is the same as in the prompt, but the past tense makes it sound as if that medal WAS the nation's highest military award, but isn't anymore. Is this true? Was a new highest honor recently introduced to supersede this medal? Hmmm, this calls for outside knowledge, but it just seems unlikely that whatever the highest military honor was recently (in the 1990s) would be swapped out for something else. Not only is (C) longer and clunkier, but it also raises awkward questions about verb tense & implication that (E) sleekly avoids.
Both endings are acceptable ("long-overdue in recognition" vs. "in long-overdue recognition"), because we could reasonably say that either the medal or the recognition was overdue. The above discussion indicates why (E) is a superior answer, and the best answer here.
（帖子内也有人说 awarded with 在日常刊物中也能看到，只不过GMAC不认为它正确。）
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