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题库 / OG2016-CR-93
In countries where automobile insurance includes compensation for whiplash injuries sustained in automobile accidents, reports of having suffered such injuries are twice as frequent as they are in countries where whiplash is not covered. Presently, no objective test for whiplash exists, so it is true that spurious reports of whiplash injuries cannot be readily identified. Nevertheless, these facts do not warrant the conclusion drawn by some commentators that in the countries with the higher rates of reported whiplash injuries, half of the reported cases are spurious. Clearly, in countries where automobile insurance does not include compensation for whiplash, people often have little incentive to report whiplash injuries that they actually have suffered.
In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?
The first is a claim that the argument disputes; the second is a conclusion that has been based on that claim.
The first is a claim that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument accepts; the second is that conclusion.
The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion for which the argument provides further evidence; the second is the main conclusion of the argument.
The first is a finding whose implications are at issue in the argument; the second is a claim presented in order to argue against deriving certain implications from that finding.
The first is a finding whose accuracy is evaluated in the argument; the second is evidence presented to establish that the finding is accurate.
情景：略
推理：第一个黑体字其实是一个既定的现象，推理文段一直在寻求对这种现象的正确的解释。第二个黑体字是推理文段的主结论，也是对第一个黑体字这个现象的一种解释。
选题方式：略
选项分析：
A选项：第一个黑体字是论证所质疑的一个声明；第二个黑体字是基于第一个黑体字所得出的结论。推理文段并没有反对第一个黑体字，而是基于第一个黑体字给出多种推测。
B选项：第一个黑体字是一个用来支持论证接受的结论的证据；第二个黑体字是论证的主结论。第一个黑体字是直接支持推理文段的主结论的。
C选项：第一个黑体字是一个用来支持一个论证为其提供了更多的证据的结论的证据；第二个黑体字是论证的主结论。第一个黑体字是直接支持推理文段的主结论的。
D选项：Correct. 第一个黑体字是一个其含义在论证中被讨论的发现；第二个黑体字是一个为了去反对一个从第一个黑体字中解读出的错误的含义的声明。
E选项：第一个黑体字是一个其准确性被评估的发现；第二个黑体字是确定该发现是准确的证据。推理文段没有讨论第一个黑体字给出的证据的准确性，而是尝试去解释那个证据。
第二个不是结论，是一个claim，或者说是explanation。结论是Nevertheless那句。
第一句相对客观，可以用evidence, fact, finding
第二句相对主观，可以用claim, conclusion, position
哈哈又发现helr在瞎讲了，第二个boldface不是结论
有w保险的地方受伤的人数是没有w保险的两倍（facts）
有w保险的地方有一半人是假受伤（观点1）
———但是————
他是错的（观点2）
没有w保险的地方没有鉴定病情的地方（论据）
并且没有w保险的地方就没有想要去鉴定的意图
第一个黑体提出一个现象。然后后面在分析这个现象的真实性，并且认为应该是真实的。ABC都错，第一个是现象，不是证据。
第二个黑体则提出一种解释，也是结论。E错，第二个不是证据，而是一个解释和结论。
当时没看懂D选项第二部分。
一定要看完完整的话，，，，
Manhattan 对2nd bold face的理解：
The second boldface, though, is not believed by both sides.
It represents an alternative explanation for why the fact is true—and that explanation contradicts what some others think about why that fact is true.
结论在nevertheless后面
[转]第二个不是结论，是一个claim，或者说是explanation。结论是Nevertheless那句。
第一句相对客观，可以用evidence, fact, finding
第二句相对主观，可以用claim, conclusion, position
Conclusion : Nevertheless .... (倒数第二句）
所以， ABC，可以排除 （因为第二句黑体不是结论），而是用来解释Conclusion.
E: 第二句子没有用来证实第一个句子是对的，而是表明第一句子不能用来表示50% 以上的case是虚假的。
第一个黑体字其实是一个既定的现象，推理文段一直在寻求对这种现象的正确的解释。第二个黑体字是推理文段的主结论，也是对第一个黑体字这个现象的一种解释。
E并不是evidence, 只是一个尝试解释，选D
第一个boldface：既定现象。排除ABC
第二个boldface：提示词“Clearly”→claim，排除E
The first is a finding whose implications are at issue in the argument; the second is a claim presented in order to argue against deriving certain implications from that finding.
两个boldface一个是材料，一个是claim， 不是evidence也不是conclusion。这段的conclusion是“in the countries with the higher rates of reported whiplash injuries, half of the reported cases are spurious.”
第一个boldface: 一个既定的现象，这个现象背后的原因就是整个argument所讨论的主题。
第二个boldface: 作者对这个现象的解释
第一句evidence/fingding，第二句claim/explanation，conclusion是倒数第二句。
十字交叉法：AB、第一个黑体不是结论而是事实，淘汰；E：第二个黑体是结论而不是事实，淘汰；C：正反错误，第一个黑体不是 support a conclusion for which the argument provides further evidence，应该是implications are at issue in the argument。
还是不是很理解B里面的argument accept是什么意思
finding, 第一个是发现
claim [N]: 1 contention; a strong opinion that someone expresses
2 a statement that something is true, even though it has not been proved
声称