the phrase while raising provides a clear contrast with have reduced
A B D
have reduced （sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers）, and have raised production efficiency in various industries. 括号里没有and
E 括号没有and reduce和lowered重复
have reduced （sickness, sleeping on the job,）and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising

C Correct. The use of and in this sentence unites the three parallel elements; the phrase while raising provides a clear contrast with have reduced.
D And is required to link the parallel elements; the verb reduced applies to all three parallel elements, so inserting lowered before fatigue illogically suggests that fatigue actually increased.

sickness sleeping on the job fatigue among shift workers 三个是并列的 错选D 因为 sickness, sleeping on the job 中间是逗号 不是 and

A B D
have reduced （sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers）, and have raised production efficiency in various industries. 括号里没有and
E 括号没有and reduce和lowered重复
have reduced （sickness, sleeping on the job,）and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising