For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
a method to protect
as a method protecting
protecting
as a protection of
to protect
C 分词要么伴随,要么结果;要是是结果,感觉很奇怪;但是如果是伴随,个人感觉又会歧义,到底是修饰items, equipment, 还是主语?
A同位语从句,前面item不是一种方法,
C 逗号v-ing在句尾做结果或伴随状语,修饰的是前面整个clause
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