GMAT考题：OG2016-SC-32

GMAT考题

题库 / OG2016-SC-32

The widely accepted big bang theory holds that the universe began in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has been expanding ever since.

that the universe began in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has been expanding

that the universe had begun in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and had been expanding

that the beginning of the universe was an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago that has expanded

the beginning of the universe to have been an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago that is expanding

the universe to have begun in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has been expanding

考题讲解

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题目分析：
略

选项分析：

A选项：Correct. 本选项在语法上和逻辑上均是正确的。

B选项：时态有误，had begun和had been expanding均是过去完成时，表示过去的过去。在英语语法中，通常来讲，过去完成时必须在句中或语境中拥有一个明确的过去时作为参照才能出现。本句中，begin和expand均无此参照。

C选项：that has expanded是定语从句，其会就近修饰名词an explosive instant，在逻辑上，开始扩张的应该是宇宙，而不是an explosive instant。

D选项：that is expanding这一定语从句的修饰对象错误同(C)；hold这类的词身后必须连接宾语从句而不能连接“名词+不定式”这样的结构。这点考查了“不定式和从句的区别”。用之于本题，因为谓语动词hold的约束力力较弱，所以其身后应该用宾语从句，而不能用“名词+不定式”结构。

E选项：hold身后应该用宾语从句，该错误同(D)；本选项and身后用了has been expanding，其只能和The widely accepted big bang theory holds that句平行（不能和have begun in an explosive instant ten平行，这是因为begin在本选项中处于不定式结构中，若平行，expand也需处于不定式结构中），因此expand的主语变成了The widely accepted big bang theory。在逻辑上，其逻辑主语应该是宇宙（the universe）。